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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 33 (1980), S. 138-152 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present paper reports the results of experimental work undertaken using the brackish-water amphipodGammarus duebeni duebeni and the transuranium nuclide americium-241. Data on the accumulation of this actinide showed that the larger fraction of the total body burden is associated with the exoskeleton. It was found that the body burden remained constant in the range pH 8.0–6.5 even though the water concentrations changed markedly. It would thus appear that the concept of a concentration factor should be re-examined and it is proposed that a factor should be defined in terms of environmental and chemical parameters which represent the bioavailable fraction of the actinide. The effect of americium on survival and moulting was studied at two activity concentrations; the dose rates and absorbed doses under the experimental conditions employed have been estimated. The differences in survival rates between the control and irradiated groups were statistically analyzed and the significant difference at the higher concentration is believed to be due to a synergism between physiological stress and radiotoxicity of americium rather than the chemical toxicity of the element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The effect of varying concentrations of soluble sewage material in river water on the sorption of Ag, Cd, Co and Zn by suspended freshwater sediments has been studied. Comparison with unpolluted natural sediment systems show that the sorption processes for trace metals are often strongly modified when the river water contains sewage materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The GME area lies in the southwestern distal part of the Madeira Abyssal Plain (Fig. 1). Extensive geological and geophysical studies have been carried out there by the Rijks Geologische Dienst of the Netherlands and by the UK Institute of Ocanographie Sciences7"11. The sediments found there ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 278 (1979), S. 617-620 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Results are presented for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu, 241Am, 242Cm and 244Cm in waters of the English Channel and southern North Sea. Based on actinide concentration ratios in these waters compared with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 276 (1978), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Surface seawater measurements of 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 241Am and 137Cs have been carried out in the North Sea and western Atlantic. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the discharges by fuel reprocessing plants in the UK are affecting ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 31 (1978), S. 34-54 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As an initial step in a programme designed to investigate factors which are of importance in affecting the behaviour of actinides towards certain invertebrates found in estuarine and marine environments, laboratory procedures have been developed to study the accumulation of americium in three species: the polychaete wormNereis diversicolor, the brackish-water amphipodGammarus duebeni and the harpacticoid copepodTisbe holothuriae. The species chosen are considered representative of groups having wide ecological importance. It was found that large differences in concentration factors occurred for the same organisms, depending upon aging of the contaminated medium; much higher and more variable values being found when uptake was from freshly contaminated solutions than from those aged up to a week. The interaction of specimens with physico-chemical reactions of americium which appear to take place within the first few days after its introduction into water are considered to be responsible for these differences. Uptake from contaminated water that had been allowed to age in the absence of organisms appears to be unaffected by subsequent conditioning by specimens. Americium concentration factors show a strong tendency to increase with decreasing size of the species, varying from over 1000 forT. holothuriae to about 3 forN. diversicolor. The possibility that the mechanisms regulating the uptake of actinides in different species may depend upon pH is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 29 (1973), S. 44-45 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 32 (1976), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The results of the uptake of plutonium 239 from sediment by a marine polychaete wormNereis diversicolor is reported in the present paper. A comparison is made of the relative importance of two possible uptake pathways, sediment and seawater by which this worm may obtain its plutonium body-burden. Under the laboratory conditions used for the comparison of those two routes it would appear thatNereis obtains greater than 98% of its body activity from seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um im deutschen Küstenbereich Basiswerte, über Transuran-Isotope in Seewasser und Sedimenten zu erhalten, wurden im Rahmen des Radiologischen Nordsee Programmes (RANOSP) 1975 Untersuchungen durchgeführt, bei denen die Aktivitäten von239+240Pu,137Cs und in geringerer Anzahl, die von241Am und238Pu gemessen wurden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen werden interpretiert. Im untersuchten Seewasser liegen die137Cs-Gehalte eindeutig über dem Fallout-Level dieses Isotops. Obwohl diese erhöhten Aktivitäten von Radiocäsium durch Einleitungen radioaktiver Abwässer aus Kernbrennstoff-Wiederaufbereitungsanlagen in England und Frankreich verursacht werden, scheinen die Gehalte an Transuran-Isotopen im Bereich der deutschen Nord- und Ostseeküste nur durch Fallout bedingt zu sein. Das Isotopenverhältnis von240Pu/239+238Pu beträgt hier 0,06±0,02; ein Wert, der gut mit entsprechenden Werten aus dem Nordatlantik übereinstimmt. Das Verhalten von Radiocäsium in Küstensedimenten und Seewasser wird mit dem von Plutonium und Americium verglichen und der Einfluß der unterschiedlichen Herkunft dieser Isotope wird diskutiert. Für Sedimente ergeben die Konzentrationsfaktoren für Radiocäsium und Plutonium Werte, von 102 bzw. 104. Konzentrationsfaktoren für Americium in Sedimenten sind denen von Plutonium sehr ähnlich.
    Abstract: Résumé En vue d'obtenir des données de base préliminaires pour l'eau de mer et les sédiments des régions côtières allemandes, une campagne a été entreprise, dans le cadre du Programme Radiologique de la Mer du Nord (RANOSP), en 1975, pour mesurer les degrés d'activité du239+240Pu et137Cs, ainsi que241Am et du238Pu sur un nombre plus limité de mesures. Les résultats de cette campagne sont présentés dans cette étude. On décèle un accroissement du degré d'activité du137Cs dans l'eau de mer par comparaison avec les valeurs de retombée attendues pour cet isotope. Bien que l'accroissement de radioactivité du caesium en Mer du Nord soit causé par le rejet de résidus des usines de retraitement, de combustibles nucléaires au Royaume-Uni et en France, les taux d'isotopes transuraniens en Baie Allemande et sur les régions côtières de la Baltique semblent dûs seulement aux retombées, le rapport isotopique238Pu/239+240Pu dans les sédiments étant de 0,06±0,02, valeur en bon accord avec celle admise pour l'Atlantique Nord. Le comportement du caesium radioactif dans les sédiments côtiers et dans l'eau de mer est comparé à celui du plutonium et de l'americium, l'effet des différentes sources de ces isotopes est discuté. Les facteurs de concentration du caesium radioactif et du plutonium sont évalués à environ 102 et 104 respectivement. Les facteurs de concentration de l'americium dans les sédiments paraissent être très comparables à ceux du plutonium.
    Notes: Summary With a view to obtaining preliminary base-line values in seawater and sediment from German coastal regions, a survey was undertaken in 1975, as a part of the Radiological North Sea Programme (RANOSP), to measure the activity levels of239+240Pu and137Cs; a limited number of241Am and238Pu measurements are also included. The results of this survey are presented. Increased levels of activity can be discerned in seawater for137Cs in comparison to expected fallout values for this isotope. Although the increased activity of radio caesium in the North Sea is caused by waste discharge from nuclear fuel re-processing plants in the U.K. and France, transuranic isotope levels in the German Bight and Baltic coastal regions appear due only to fallout,238Pu/239+240Pu isotopic ratio in sediments being 0.06±0.02, a value in good agreement with accepted North Atlantic values. The behavior of radio-caesium in coastal sediments and seawater is compared to that of plutonium and americium; the effect of the different sources of these isotopes is discussed. Sediment concentration factors for radio-caesium and plutonium are calculated to be about 102 and 104 respectively. Americium sediment concentration factors appear very similar to those of plutonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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