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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model of the firing frequency of the chelonian muscle spindle (1976)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 21 (1976), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A model is proposed for the frequency of firing of the chelonian muscle spindle in response to mechanical stretches. First an attempt is made to fit the response to a first and second order model and, after incorporating the encoding properties of the spindle, a simulation is obtained which predicts in terms of the instantaneous frequency of firing the response of the spindle to ramp and sinusoidal mechanical stretches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326673
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for the interpretation of signals in afferent nerves from muscle spindles (1980)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 37 (1980), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is proposed for the interpretation of the signals in sensory nerve fibres. It is applicable to systems in which the transfer function between the input to a sense organ and the action potential firing frequency is known. In the present case, the chelonian muscle spindle is considered since its output to ramphold-relase and sinusoidal stretches can be rather accurately simulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for the β motor stimulation in chelonian muscle spindles (1977)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 26 (1977), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previously proposed model to simulate the behaviour of the chelonian muscle spindle during mechanical stretch has been extended to include the properties of the spindle during activation of the intrafusal muscle fibres. It is assumed that the overall transfer function of the non-activated spindle can be entirely ascribed to the visco-elastic properties of its intrafusal fibres. It is found that the activated spindle can then be simulated by incorporating a force generator into the visco-elastic model and by accepting stepwise changes in its parameter values at the onset and at the end of fusimotor stimulation. The influence of extrafusal fibre contraction has been accounted for by inserting the Voigt muscle model in parallel with the spindle model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00801211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of β motor stimulation on the interpretation of signals from muscle spindles (1982)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 44 (1982), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previously proposed method for the interpretation of the signals in sensory nerve fibres is extended to incorporate β activation of muscle spindles. Simulations, based on previous experimental observations, of muscle spondles subjected to ramp and hold stretches are used as input to an “interpreter”, where the simulated trains of action potentials are reconverted to a length change interpretation. The interpreted signals are compared with the original length change inputs to observe the effects of β-stimulation and stochastic variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromyographic screening of myogenous and arthrogenous TMJ dysfunction patients (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty patients, clinically examined for TMJ dysfunction, were also electromyographically screened. The TMJ dysfunction pain in forty patients was evaluated to be mainly of a myogenous origin and in fourteen patients of a mainly arthrogenous origin. Due to lack of findings in the clinical examination six patients were not to be classified into either of the two groups. They were excluded from the EMG study. For the EMG examination the patients were asked to clench for 30 s in the intercuspal position at 50% of the maximum EMG activity of the masseter muscles. Surface electromyograms of the right and the left masseter and anterior part of the temporalis muscles were monitored. The amplitude of the EMG signal, the duration of the silent period and the changes in the frequency composition of the signal during the 30 s contraction were analysed.Statistically significant differences between the two patient groups were found in EMG amplitude and in silent period duration. However, the difference in silent period duration was due to the dependency of the silent period on the activation level of the muscle. No statistically significant difference in silent period was found when this dependency was corrected for in the data. The EMG parameters related to muscular fatigue phenomena did not show any difference between the two groups.The difference in EMG amplitude and consequently the difference in silent period duration support the clinically made distinction into mainly a myogenous or mainly an arthrogenous origin of TMJ dysfunction pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb01305.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recognition of internal derangements (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  One of the most common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders is an internal derangement (ID). The aim of this study was to test the inter-observer reliability of the recognition of IDs by means of auscultation, palpation or both. To that end, 120 women and 100 men were screened by two trained examiners for the presence of IDs. Anterior disc displacement was diagnosed in 14% of the cases and hypermobility in 12%. In 4% of the cases, the ID was classified as ‘other’. The inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa) was moderate for the presence of an ID for all techniques, while for the classification into type, an almost perfect reliability was found for the combined technique. It was concluded that the type of ID can best be established with the combination of auscultation and palpation; for the establishment of an ID as such, any of the three techniques would suffice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01317.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is self-reported jaw pain on mouth opening associated with a reduced bruxism time index? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sleep-related bruxism (SB) is a frequently encountered problem in the dental office, for which evidence-based causal therapy possibilities are not yet available. We are currently performing a large-scale double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to evaluate several management strategies for SB. So far, we have measured 35 participants, all of them clinically diagnosed bruxers (11 men; 24 women; mean age=39·2 ± 11·4 years). A first (baseline) night in the sleep laboratory confirmed their clinical diagnosis, i.e. all had more than four bruxism episodes per hour of sleep; (〉 4 EpiH). The baseline recordings were preliminarily analysed to establish a cut-off criterion for a polysomnographical SB diagnosis that, in addition to the previously established criterion (i.e. 〉 4 EpiH), also respects the time spent bruxing. We therefore calculated an index that expresses this aspect as a percentage of the total sleep time: the bruxism time index (BTI). The BTI was highly correlated with the number of EpiH (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0·92; P=0·000). Linear regression analysis revealed that a BTI of 〉 0·4% corresponds with the 〉 4 EpiH criterion (F-value for the significance of the overall model=146·2; P=0·000). Future analyses may yield an additional intensity (power) cut-off criterion as well. As the relationship between SB and jaw pain is still unclear, we also determined, in 28 of the 35 participants, the influence of self-reported (VAS) jaw pain during mouth opening before and after the first night on the BTI. BTIs in bruxers whose evening and/or morning VASs ≥ 10 mm (n=10) tended to be lower than those in bruxers whose VASs were less than 10 mm (n=18) (1·4 ± 1·0 and 2·7 ± 2·5%, respectively; Two sample t-test; T=1·98; P=0·059). This finding confirms previous suggestions in the literature that jaw pain might be associated with a reduced bruxism activity. This can be understood as a protective mechanism that prevents (further) overloading of the masticatory system. (Supported by the IOT.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.01026_4.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of condylar motion: a plea for the use of the condylar kinematic centre (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  In this study, a plea is given for the use of the kinematic centre in studies of the kinematics of the human temporomandibular condyle. The concept of the kinematic centre is based upon the assumption that the movements of the condyle–disc complex within the temporomandibular joint can reasonably well be described by those of a ball-shaped condyle–disc complex. The kinematic centre is then the centre of the sphere. Its movement traces have the advantage that they are smooth and have a good reproducibility between consecutive movements. Moreover, the open and close traces are just a few tenths of a millimetre apart and show no crossings. This makes the kinematic centre a suitable choice in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses in the study of internal derangements by means of condylar movement recordings. However, the kinematic centre has the disadvantage that the mandibular movements have to be recorded by rather complicated six degrees of freedom recording equipment and that the exploration algorithm for its location may sometimes have difficulties in finding the right location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01066.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bruxism is a controversial phenomenon. Both its definition and the diagnostic procedure contribute to the fact that the literature about the aetiology of this disorder is difficult to interpret. There is, however, consensus about the multifactorial nature of the aetiology. Besides peripheral (morphological) factors, central (pathophysiological and psychological) factors can be distinguished. In the past, morphological factors, like occlusal discrepancies and the anatomy of the bony structures of the orofacial region, have been considered the main causative factors for bruxism. Nowadays, these factors play only a small role, if any. Recent focus is more on the pathophysiological factors. For example, bruxism has been suggested to be part of a sleep arousal response. In addition, bruxism appears to be modulated by various neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. More specifically, disturbances in the central dopaminergic system have been linked to bruxism. Further, factors like smoking, alcohol, drugs, diseases and trauma may be involved in the bruxism aetiology. Psychological factors like stress and personality are frequently mentioned in relation to bruxism as well. However, research to these factors comes to equivocal results and needs further attention. Taken all evidence together, bruxism appears to be mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00839.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinematics of the human mandible for different head postures (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of head posture on movement paths of the incisal point (IP) and of the mandibular condyles during free open–close movements was studied. Ten persons, without craniomandibular or cervical spine disorders, participated in the study. Open close mandibular movements were recorded with the head in five postures, viz., natural head posture, forward head posture, military posture, and lateroflexion to the right and to the left side, using the Oral Kinesiologic Analysis System (OKAS-3D). This study showed that in a military head posture, the opening movement path of the incisal point is shifted anteriorly relative to the path in a natural head posture. In a forward head posture, the movement path is shifted posteriorly whereas during lateroflexion, it deviates to the side the head has moved to. Moreover, the intra-articular distance in the temporomandibular joint during closing is smaller with the head in military posture and greater in forward head posture, as compared to the natural head posture. During lateroflexion, the intra-articular distance on the ipsilateral side is smaller. The influence of head posture upon the kinematics of the mandible is probably a manifestation of differences in mandibular loading in the different head postures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00518.x
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