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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis: lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei in children? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD) is a granulomatous disease characterized by monomorphous, small papular eruptions around the mouse, nose and eyes, and is thought to be closely related to perioral dermatitis. This condition has always been believed to occur more commonly in dark-skinned patients; however, recent observations have revealed CGPD to occur also in white patients.Observation  We report an 11-year-old Japanese boy with the characteristic features of CGPD. Although sarcoidosis and acne/granulomatous rosacea could be differentiated from CGPD, we could find no essential differences between CGPD and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF). The cases of LMDF in children, which were recorded in the Japanese literature, had highly similar clinicopathological features to those of CGPD. This case responded dramatically to topical tacrolimus in combination with the oral administration of minocycline.Conclusions  The entity ‘facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution’ is considered to include LMDF (a common adult form), CGPD (a rare childhood form) and perioral dermatitis (a peculiar form exacerbated by topical corticosteroids). Topical tacrolimus may be recommended as one of the therapies for LMDF as well as CGPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01178.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of serum creatine phosphokinase level in the early diagnosis and microbiological evaluation of necrotizing fasciitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) due to group A β-haemolytic streptococci (GAS) is a rare but still life-threatening soft-tissue infection characterized by rapidly spreading necrosis of the muscle fascia and of the surrounding tissues. NF other than that due to GAS involves the participation of one or more anaerobes and/or of non-group A streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enteric organisms, and may be associated with a better outcome. Early diagnosis and treatment, consisting of surgical debridement along with appropriate antibiotic therapy, are required to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.Objectives  The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with GAS NF and with non-GAS NF, and to identify which characteristics could help to diagnose NF in the early stages of infection.Methods  We retrospectively analysed the clinical and laboratory findings of 43 cases of GAS and non-GAS NF that occurred in Belgium (n = 32) and at Saga Medical School (Japan) (n = 11) between May 1984 and December 2001.Results  GAS NF more frequently occurred in previously healthy individuals than NF due to other pathogens (P 〈 0.05) but was associated with a poorer prognosis. Both for patients with GAS NF and with non-GAS NF, the first clinical manifestations often suggested a diagnosis of erysipelas or cellulitis and rarely evoked the correct diagnosis (12% and 15% of the cases, respectively). However, we found that creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were far higher in patients with GAS NF than in those with non-GAS NF.Conclusions  Our data suggest that GAS may exert particular tropism and/or toxicity for muscle, responsible for early muscle necrosis. This indicates that elevated levels of CPK in a patient with erysipelas or cellulitis-like symptoms should clearly prompt the clinician to exclude the diagnosis of GAS NF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01108.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cells in human fetal eccrine glands (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of human Merkel cells in the eccrine ridges and eccrine germs was studied, using antibodies to simple epithelial keratins, in separated epidermal sheets with attached eccrine ducts. The localization of Merkel cells could be analysed three-dimensionally in the wet, whole-mount of the stained sheets. In the plantar skin of a 12-week-old human fetus, immunoreactive (ir-) Merkel cells were randomly located in the flattened epidermis. In the plantar skin of a 15-week-old human fetus, there was early development of eccrine germs, and Merkel cells were concentrated in eccrine gland ridges. In the plantar skin of a 20-week-old human fetus, eccrine germs were well formed and ir- Merkel cells were located within the developing eccrine ridges and ducts. In the plantar skin of adults, the eccrine concentration of Merkel cells was markedly reduced. Concentration of Merkel cells on the eccrine structures was also observed in the scalp skin of human fetuses. This tendency continued into adult life, although there was a marked reduction in the total number of Merkel cells. These findings suggest that epidermal Merkel cells move down into the eccrine ducts as eccrine germs extend into the mesenchyme. Alternatively, they may develop de novo from the keratinocytes of the eccrine duct. In view of the expression of nerve growth factor receptor in fetal Merkel cells, it is postulated that these eccrine gland Merkel cells play a role in the formation of the periglandular nerve plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00481.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cells do not require trophic maintenance from the nerves in adult human skin (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 34-year-old Japanese man with hereditary sensory neuropathy was examined to evaluate the distribution, density and inter-relationship between Merkel cells and peripheral nerves in the skin. An epidermal sheet of affected plantar skin showed numerous CAM 5.2-reactive Merkel cells, whereas PGP 9.5-reactive peripheral nerves were completely absent in the epidermis and dermis. These findings strongly suggest that Merkel cells do not require trophic maintenance from nerves in adult human skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02703.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cells participate in the induction and alignment of epidermal ends of arrector pili muscles of human fetal skin (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The follicular proximal ends of arrector pili muscles anchor the bulge areas of human hair follicles. However, the location of the ends of these muscles towards the epidermis, especially the fine points of attachment, is not fully understood. Conventional serial sections of the scalp skin of a 12-month-old infant were examined. Most of the distal ends were situated in the upper dermis. while some seemed to be in close contact with the epidermal basal layers. In vertical sections of the scalp skin of 16-week-old fetus, double immunoenzyme staining showed a close topographic correlation between the epidermal ends of the arrector pili muscles and the epidermal and dermal Merkel cells. These findings allow speculation that fetal Merkel cells participate in the induction and alignment of arrector pili muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.37788.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrector pili muscles surround human facial vellus hair follicles (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arrector pili muscles have been assumed to attach to one side of the hair follicle, specifically the posterior wall of the bulge area. In this study, we demonstrated immunohistochemically that desmin-reactive arrector pili muscle, admixed with the connective tissue sheath, is present around the entire circumference of the vellus hair follicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03515.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verrucous trichilemmal cyst containing human papillomavirus (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Verrucous cyst is an uncommon nonplantar epidermoid (infundibular) cyst with verrucous changes in its wall. We present the first case of trichilemmal cyst (isthmus-catagen cyst) with verrucous changes of its squamous lining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01645.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of serum creatine phosphokinase level in the early diagnosis, and as a prognostic factor, of Vibrio vulnificus infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Vibrio vulnificus infection causes rapidly progressive skin lesions and sepsis in compromised hosts with liver cirrhosis, and is often fatal. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment are important. Objectives To clarify the characteristics of V. vulnificus infection that distinguish it from other cutaneous and soft-tissue bacterial infections and to confirm that serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels are useful in early diagnosis, and are a prognostic factor for, V. vulnificus infection. Methods We analysed the clinical and laboratory findings (especially serum CPK levels) in eight patients with V. vulnificus infection who were treated at the Saga Medical School Hospital between January 1989 and December 1999. Results All eight patients had liver dysfunction and typical skin manifestations. Six had eaten raw seafood before onset. Seven patients had initial skin manifestations in their legs or feet and eventually died, despite prompt therapy in the intensive care unit. CPK levels of six of these seven patients were already elevated at their initial presentation. Only one patient, with skin manifestations solely on his left hand, showed and maintained a normal CPK level and survived. In 23 patients with cutaneous and soft-tissue infections (10 with necrotizing fasciitis, three with erysipelas, 10 with cellulitis), only three patients with necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) showed CPK elevation. Conclusions A high level of serum CPK in cutaneous or soft-tissue bacterial infection is considered useful for an early diagnosis of V. vulnificus infection and STSS. A history of eating raw seafood, underlying liver disease and multiple lesions suggest a diagnosis of V. vulnificus infection, rather than STSS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04347.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two- and three-dimensional demonstrations of morphological alterations of early anagen hair follicle with special reference to the bulge area (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Merkel cell ; Arrector pili muscle ; Bulge ; Early anagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During late telogen to early anagen secondary hair germ is newly formed by the downgrowth of a clubbed column which is indistinguishable from the bulge. Serial vertical sections demonstrated that the early anagen terminal hair follicle formed the new secondary hair germ associated with a lateral protuberance of basaloid cells which could be considered as the bulge of the new hair follicle. Interestingly, the arrector pili muscle bundle was divided into two branches, one inserted into the original clubbed end and the other into this protuberance of the secondary hair germ. CAM5.2-reactive Merkel cells were present not only in the clubbed ends of the old follicle but also in the protuberance of the new hair germ. The formation of the lateral protuberance of the new hair germ preceded the appearance of CAM5.2-reactive Merkel cells in this location. Ks19.1 immunoreactivity was observed from the clubbed end to the upper half of the new hair germ. These phenomena occurred in early anagen before the club hairs were shed. It is postulated that the early anagen hair follicle formed the area within the new hair germ equivalent to the bulge and Merkel cells either moved from the bulge of the old hair follicle or differentiated de novo from immature epithelial cells. Merkel cells or their products in the bulge may serve as attractants for the readjusting arrector pili muscle to anchor to the bulge of the new hair follicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050030
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional comparative study of Merkel cell distribution in various body sites of guinea pigs and rats (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 292 (2000), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Merkel cells ; Hair cycle ; Hair follicles ; Bulge areas ; Guinea pigs ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hair cycling pattern differs between humans and mice: for the former it is mosaic, while the latter show a wave pattern. We focused on the presence or absence of synchronization of the hair cycle based on the distribution of Merkel cells. The three-dimensional distribution and number of Merkel cells in the skin at various sites were determined in guinea pigs and rats. Using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, various types of hair follicles were obtained from the facial, abdominal, nipple, back, tail, perianal and plantar skin. Epidermal sheets containing numerous hair follicles were immunostained using monoclonal murine antibody CK20 which is generally accepted to be a specific immunocytochemical marker for Merkel cells of various species. Merkel cells were absent in the trunk skin of guinea pigs and rats, in complete contrast to the situation in humans. In vibrissa and other hair follicles within specialized sensitive areas, Merkel cells were found in varying numbers. Some differences in their distribution and number were observed between guinea pigs and rats. The absence of Merkel cells in the hair follicles of the trunk skin of rats and guinea pigs implies that Merkel cells are not essential for the induction and promotion of hair growth but have some different functional significance in hair follicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050474
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