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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined deficiency of iron and other divalent cations mitigates the symptoms of iron deficiency in tobacco plants (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 119 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To determine the responses of plants to deficiencies of multiple metals, tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were subjected to treatments that were deficient in combinations of Fe and two other micronutrients, Zn and Mn. The response was measured using macro indices, including plant appearance, FW, chlorophyll concentration, and mineral concentrations, and with a molecular index, the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Ids2 promoter/GUS fusion gene system (Yoshihara et al. 2003, Plant Biotech 20: 33–41). Tobacco plants grown in medium with combined deficiencies grew better and had higher chlorophyll concentrations than did plants grown on medium deficient in Fe only, although the measured Fe concentrations in the plant tissues were essentially the same. The Ids2/GUS expression responded to Fe deficiency, but not to Mn or Zn deficiencies in tobacco plants when Fe was present. Tobacco plants grown in medium with combined deficiencies had clearly detectable GUS activity, but the response was significantly lower than that in tobacco plants deficient in Fe only. The Fe-deficiency symptoms were mitigated at both the visible and molecular levels. Although more precise experimental evidence is needed to explain the mitigation mechanism, the balance of minerals was shown to be an important parameter to consider when estimating iron deficiency based on tobacco plant responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00126.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced tolerance of rice to low iron availability in alkaline soils using barley nicotianamine aminotransferase genes (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 19 (2001), S. 466-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] One of the widest ranging abiotic stresses in world agriculture arises from low iron (Fe) availability due to high soil pH, with 30% of arable land too alkaline for optimal crop production. Rice is especially susceptible to low iron supply, whereas other graminaceous crops such as barley are not. A ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/88143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dioxygenase gene (Ids2) expressed under iron deficiency conditions in the roots of Hordeum vulgare (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 705-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chlorosis ; DNA sequence ; Ids2 ; iron deficiency ; MAs ; phytosiderophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A λzapII cDNA library was constructed from mRNA isolated from Fe-deficient barley roots and screened with cDNA probes made from mRNA of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient (control) barley roots. Seven clones were selected. Among them a clone having the putative full-length mRNA of dioxygenase as judged by northern hybridization was selected and named Ids2 (iron deficiency-specific clone 2). Using a cDNA fragment as probe, two clones from the genomic library (λEMBL-III) were isolated and one was sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of Ids2 resembled that of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. Ids2 is expressed in the Fe-deficient barley roots but is not in the leaves. The expression is repressed by the availability of Fe. Ids2 was also strongly expressed under Mn deficiency and weakly under Zn deficiency or excess NaCl (0.5%). The upstream 5′-flanking region of Ids2 has a root-specific cis element of the CaMV 35S promoter and a nodule-specific element of leghemoglobin, a metal regulatory element (MRE) and several Cu regulatory elements (UAS) of yeast metallothionein (CUP1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of the reconstructed yeast ferric reductase gene, refre1, into tobacco (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 215 (1999), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: FRE1 ; iron ; polyadenylation ; reductase ; Strategy-I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fe(III) reduction at the root surface is an obligatory step in Fe uptake used by Strategy-I plants. The genes FRE1 and FRE2 are responsible for a similar mechanism of Fe acquisition in the cell membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We introduced the FRE1 gene into tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1). However, the transgenic tobacco showed no additional reductase activity, because the FRE1 transcripts from this transgenic tobacco were shorter than expected. Further investigation revealed that the coding region of the FRE1 gene was polyadenylated. We then reconstructed the whole sequence of the FRE1 gene and named it refre1 (reconstructed FRE1). The refre1 gene was introduced into tobacco plants. The transgenic plants carrying the refre1 gene produced full length mRNA and had constitutive ferric reductase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004591012061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of potassium in the secretion of mugineic acids family phytosiderophores from iron-deficient barley roots (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 215 (1999), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anion channel ; barley root ; iron deficiency ; LV-SEM-XMA ; mugineic acid family phytosiderophores ; potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) are secreted from iron-deficient barley roots with high equimolar correlation of potassium. To determine the form of MAs when it is secreted, we investigated the effect of anion channel blockers and valinomycin on the secretion of MAs. Among the anion channel blockers, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid and phenylglyoxal drastically reduced the amount of secreted MAs, while 4,4-diisothiocyano-2,2- stilbene disulfonate slightly inhibited the MAs secretion. Trifluoromethyl-3-phenylamino-2-nicotinic acid reduced the secreted amount to the half of non-treated. This result suggested that MAs are secreted in the form of anion through an anion channel. The elimination of potassium gradient between the cytoplasm and the cell exterior by treatment with valinomycin reduced the amount of secreted MAs. Analysis of potassium distribution in root by LV-SEM-XMA indicated that potassium in the cortex cells of iron-deficient roots is released with MAs secretion and the amount of potassium in the cortex cells decreases after secretion. These results suggested that MAs are secreted in the form of a monovalent anion via anion channels using the potassium gradient between the cytoplasm and the cell exterior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004546112140
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two dioxygenase genes, Ids3 and Ids2, from Hordeum vulgare are involved in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Fe deficiency ; graminaceous plants ; Hordeum vulgare ; mugineic acid ; phytosiderophores ; roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone, Ids3 (iron deficiency-specific clone 3), was isolated from an Fe-deficient-root cDNA library of Hordeum vulgare. Ids3 encodes a protein of 339 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 37.7 kDa, and its amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity with those of plant and fungal 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. One aspartate and two histidine residues for ferrous Fe binding (Asp-211, His-209, His-265) and arginine and serine residues for 2-oxoglutarate binding (Arg-275, Ser-277) are conserved in the predicted amino acid sequence of Ids3. Ids3 expression was rapidly induced by Fe deficiency, and was suppressed by re-supply of Fe. Among eight graminaceous species tested, Ids3 expression was observed only in Fe-deficient roots of H. vulgare and Secale cereale, which not only secrete 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), but also mugineic acid (MA) and 3-epihydroxymugineic acid (epiHMA, H. vulgare), and 3-hydroxymugineic acid (HMA, S. cereale). The Ids3 gene is encoded on the long arm of chromosome 4H of H. vulgare, which also carries the hydroxylase gene that converts DMA to MA. Moreover, the Ids2 gene, which is the plant dioxygenase with the highest homology to Ids3, is encoded on the long arm of chromosome 7H of H. vulgare, which carries the hydroxylase gene that converts MA to epiHMA. The observed expression patterns of the Ids3 and Ids2 genes strongly suggest that IDS3 is an enzyme that hydroxylates the C-2′ positions of DMA and epiHDMA, while IDS2 hydroxylates the C-3 positions of MA and DMA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006491521586
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