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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). I. Evolution of aromatics on pyrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride) and its mechanism (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 737-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) alone or mixed with 10 wt-% and 50 wt-% TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 were pyrolyzed by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, naphthalene, and various chlorobenzenes were identified. No hydrocarbons could be detected in pyrolysis products of any samples at 200°C. More aromatic hydrocarbons than aliphatic hydrocarbons are released from the PVC-TiO2 system and in preheated PVC. The contrary result is observed in the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems. Aromatics having methyl endgroups are easily released from the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems and at elevated pyrolysis temperature, because methylene groups are easily isolated along the chain by ZnO, SnO2 and the heating. The release of ethylbenzene o-xylene, and chlorobenzenes suggests a repeated dehydrochlorination and recombination of HCl and Cl2 to double bonds along the chain. Possible decomposition mechanisms of PVC are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). II. Pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes as model compounds for poly(vinyl chloride) (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1381-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes (CPB) was investigated by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. CPB corresponds to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) constructed with head-head and tail-tail linkages of the vinyl chloride unit. Benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, styrene, vinyltoluene, chlorobenzenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes were detected in the pyrolysis products from CPB above 300°C, and no hydrocarbons could be detected at 200°C. The pyrolysis products from CPB were similar to those from PVC and new products could not be detected. Lower aliphatics, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzenes, and methylnaphthalenes were released more easily from pyrolysis of CPB than from PVC; amounts of benzene, styrene, and naphthalene formed were small. These results support the conclusion that recombination of chlorine atoms with the double bonds in the polyene chain takes place and that scission of the main chain may depend on the location of methylene groups isolated along the polyene chain during the thermal decomposition of PVC.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130610
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). II. Stabilization mechanism through metal soaps by complementary color action (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper, it was pointed out that the stabilization mechanism through metal soaps might be affected by an effect of complementary color. In this work, the colors of heated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films mixed with various metal soaps were investigated by using a differential colorimeter and a spectrophotometer. Monochromatic coloration was observed with PVC, PVC-Ca stearate, and PVC-Ba stearate systems. On the other hand, the phenomenon of color mixing was observed with PVC-Zn stearate, PVC-Cd stearate, PVC-Zn/Ca stearate, and PVC-Cd/Ba stearate systems. In particular, achromatic color remained with PVC-Zn/Ca stearate and Cd/Ba stearate systems for longer heating periods. This means that the stabilization mechanism for PVC compounded with metal soaps should be effected finally by subtractive complementary colors situated between polyene color and the color effected with the metal complex, in addition to being subject to the usual chemical stabilization mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). I. Change in color of poly(vinyl chloride) compounded with some metal soaps (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with one or more metal salts added was colored by the action of heat to investigate the stabilization mechanism. The coloration and the color difference of heated PVC compound films varied according to the metal salt added. The decoloration of the colored compound films was advanced markedly in THF, DMF, acetone, and ammonia. On the other hand, the heated achromatic PVC film containing Cd/Ba soaps underwent an opposite change, from colorless to yellow orange, in the above materials. This means that the coloration of heated compound films may result from the formation of some complex (for example, π complex of the polyene with the metal chloride). Furthermore, the colored film with cadmium stearate was decolored by roll mixing with the colored film containing barium stearate. These results indicate that the stabilization with metal soaps may be founded on a physical phenomenon such aa an effect of complementary color.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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