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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the spinal nerves in the mouse with special reference to innervation of the axial musculature (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 189 (1994), S. 115-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mouse ; Spinal nerve ; Presegmental and postsegmental innervation ; Epaxial and hypaxial musculatures ; Desegmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of the mouse spinal nerves was studied. On E11 (11th day of gestation), the primitive spinal nerve fascicle extended ventrally in the anterior half of the sclerotome. Spinal nerves in the forelimb region united with each other to form the primitive brachial plexus. Their terminal segment was covered by a peculiar cell mass. On E12, five primary branches developed along the primitive spinal nerve trunk. The ramus dorsalis was originally a cutaneous nerve, supplying two series of branches to the skin of the back. The medial series was derived from the dorsal ramus of C2–C8, and the lateral series from C8 and the more caudal dorsal rami. Nerves of the former series took the presegmental course through the intermyotomic space, while those of the latter the postsegmental course. The ramus cutaneus lateralis was a nerve that took the presegmental course to become cutaneous. The ramus intercostalis externus was a muscle branch whose distribution was restricted within the segment. The ramus anterior was a muscle branch from the end of the primitive spinal nerve trunk. The ramus visceralis connected a thoracic nerve with the para-aortic sympathetic cell cord. On E13–16 the ramus anterior secondarily gave off a cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior). The ramus intercostalis externus extended ventrally deep to the intercostalis externus muscle, crossing just caudal to the ramus cutaneus lateralis that secondarily gave off branches to the obliquus externus abdominis muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185771
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of autonomic nerve cells in the cloacal region of the lamprey,Lampetra japonica (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 11 (1982), S. 517-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of autonomic nerve cell in the cloacal region of lamprey,Lampetra japonica have been studied by electron microscopy. Large ganglion cells (LGC) were unipolar and individually invested with a satellite cell sheath. The LGC-satellite cell complex measured 24 μm × 38 μm on average. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and cored vesicles (80–140 nm in diameter) were scattered in the perikaryon. Two kinds of peculiar cytoplasmic filament were seen in LGC: one type was about 20 nm in diameter with periodic dense material on the surface and the other had a diameter of about 8 nm and showed an undulating profile. Nerve endings containing abundant small clear vesicles (30–50 nm in diameter) and a few larger cored vesicles (50–100 nm in diameter) were found in synaptic contact with LGC. Small ganglion cells (SGC) were also unipolar and covered incompletely by a satellite cell sheath. The SGC-satellite cell complex measured 6 and 12 μm on average. The SGC was packed with organelles and the perikaryon appeared more electron dense than that of LGC. SGC perikaryonal cytoplasm contained dispersed granular endoplasmic reticulum and numerous large cored vesicles (55–220 nm in diameter). Nerve endings containing numerous large cored vesicles (70–170 nm in diameter) and variable numbers of small clear vesicles (30–50 nm in diameter) were seen on the surface of SGC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262422
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of two types of muscle fibers in the pharyngeal pad of crussian carp, Carassius carassius (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 209 (1984), S. 433-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the pharyngeal pad on the roof of the anterior pharynx of Carassius carassius two types of thin striated muscle fibers (1.5-10 μm in diameter) were found. No pattern was discerned in the orientation of muscle fibers which form a loose tissue as a whole. One of them (Z fiber) is characterized by position of triads at the level of Z lines, and in the other type (A-I fiber) they were seen at the junction of the A and I bands.Three types of intermyofibrous junction are noted between muscle fibers of the same type or between those of different types. The first type possesses ultrastructural features such as a uniform intercellular space about 90 nm which contains the basal lamina, a dense mat of the filamentous material on the sarcoplasmic aspect of the cell membrane, and a connection of myofibrils with the dense layer by thin I band filaments. The second type resembles the previous type but is distinguished from it by the lack of myofibrillar association. The third type is the nexus or gap junction. Intermyofibrous junctions of the second type are most frequently encountered (82%). Those of the first type are less frequently seen (15%), whereas the third type junctions are far less frequently seen (3%).Nerve endings at the neuromuscular junction of both types of muscle fiber contain numerous small clear vesicles suggesting their cholinergic nature.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092090403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of vascularization in the spinal cord of mouse embryos, With special reference to development of boundary membranes and perivascular spaces (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 221 (1988), S. 663-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The early stages of vascularizations of the spinal cord of the mouse were studied by graphic reconstruction techniques and electron microscopy. Vascular sprouts arise from the perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) to invade the cord of 10-day embryos. These enter the cord most frequently via the lateral surface between the dorsal root and the ventral root; less frequently, they enter via the ventral and/or dorsal surfaces and anastomose with sprouts that have entered via the lateral surface.During the development of intramedullary blood vessels there are essential changes both in the basal laminae covering the neural parenchyma of the cord and in the relationship between the neural tissue and vascular walls. The basal laminae of the developing spinal cord were classified into three categories. The first is the perineural, external, or primary neural, basal lamina (PNBL), which is the earliest of the three in formation and covers the entire external surface of the cord. The second one is the internal, or secondary neural, basal lamina (INBL), which invests the internal surface of the neural tissue facing the walls of invading blood vessels. The third type is the perivascular basal lamina (PVBL), which surrounds the vascular wall.Blood vessels enter the spinal cord by penetrating the PNBL. Since the PVBL and INBL are absent or incomplete in early stages of vascularization, the neural tissue is in direct contact with intramedullary blood vessels. However, following their development, boundary membranes are formed, separating the neural tissue from neighboring vessels, a situation characteristic of capillaries in the mature CNS. Perivascular spaces are seen along the course of developing vessels and secondarily become continuous with the extramedullary connective tissue space. They are neither artifact nor intramedullary extensions of extramedullary connective tissue space along invading sprouts. The boundary membranes are formed by connection of membrane plaques or by fusion of the INBL and PVBL.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092210212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the agranular cytoplasmic tubules in the lamprey chloride cells (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chloride cells of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica, have been studied by electron microscopy. The most characteristic feature of the chloride cells in lamprey is that the cytoplasm is filled with a large number of mitochondria and numerous agranular cytoplasmic tubules arranged as bundles or as branched reticular networks. These tubules are frequently continuous with the plasma membrane. They are also characterized by a coating on the cisternal surfaces with a dense material which appears ridge-like at high magnification. These ridges are oriented spirally along the cisternal surface of the tubule. They are regularly spaced at an interval of about 160 Å and have a pitch of about 45°. The functional significance of the cisternal coat is unknown. Sometimes, intracisternal tubules are observed to be contained within the lumina of the agranular cytoplasmic tubules. These intracisternal tubules are considered to be formed by an intracisternal deflection of only one leaflet of the unit membrane of the agranular cytoplasmic tubules. Membrane fusion is observed to occur between closely associated agranular cytoplasmic tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091780106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the myotendinous junction and “terminal coupling” in the skeletal muscle of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 321-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The myotendinous junction in the skeletal muscle of adult lamprey Lampetra japonica was studied with an electron microscope. Numerous finger-like sarcolemmal invaginations were present at the ends of muscle fibers to form the myotendinous junction. Parietal fibers of each muscle unit showed more closely distributed sarcolemmal invaginations than central fibers. Features of the myotendinous junction. Parietal fibers of each muscle unit showed more closely distributed sarcolemmal invaginations than central fibers. Features of the myotendinous junction generally conform to the accounts in the literature. The sarcolemmal invagination was covered on its sarcoplasmic aspect by the connecting filament layer and the dense amorphous attachment layer, and on the extracellular aspect by the intermediary layer and the external lamina with collagen fibrils arising from the myosepta. Sarcolemmal invaginations were sometimes seen to consist of a pair of sarcolemmas of adjacent muscle fibers within a muscle unit, which is characteristic to the myotendinous junction of lamprey. It is noteworthy that the connecting filament layer is much thinner than that, e.g., in the tadpole tail muscles (Nakao, '74). Furthermore, it is much thicker in the parietal fibers than in the central fibers. The sarcolemma of the terminal segment of the invagination frequently showed specific coupling with cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (terminal coupling). The external lamina is partially or completely deficient in the terminal segment of sarcolemmal invaginations which form terminal couplings so that collagen fibrils contained in the invagination appear to be in direct contact with the sarcolemma; however, definite relationships of collagen fibrils with the sarcolemma and the external lamina in the terminal segment of invagination still remain obscure. This type of coupling is considered to play a role in the coupling of excitation to contraction of muscle fibers as triads and diads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies on the myotomes of larval lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 383-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Myotomes of the caudal one-third of the body of 26-day-old larval lampreys, Lampetra japonica, were studied by electron microscopy. Each myotome consists of horizontally stacked muscle lamellae. The myotomes are covered laterally by a single layer of flattened cells called here “lateral cells,” and the other aspect is covered by an external lamina. The myotomes are mid-segmentally innervated.Each muscle lamella usually contains two single cortical layers of myofibrils along the dorsal and ventral sarcolemma with a nucleus and mitochondria interposed between two layers. Numerous peripheral couplings are observed with relatively less developed triads. There are no membrane specializations to connect adjacent muscle lamellae within a myotome. Intermyotomal junctions are, however, noted between tips of cytoplasmic processes of muscle lamellae of adjoining myotomes. They resemble tight or gap junctions. No myofibrils are present in these cytoplasmic processes. Myotendinous junctions, with “terminal couplings” (Nakao, 1975), are seen under development at the myoseptal ends of muscle lamellae.Lateral cells contain only ordinary organelles and no special structures such as myofibrils are found in the cytoplasm. They are connected to each other and to muscle lamellae by primitive desmosomes. They generally have no external lamina investment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of the cardiac innervation in larval lamprey (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 199 (1981), S. 555-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Larval lampreys (Lampetra japonica) 13 and 21 mm in body length were examined by serial section electron microscopy and it was found that the young 13-mm larvae which was 26 days old had no nerves to, and in, the heart. However, the heart of 21-mm larval lampreys had two sets of nerve fibers entering the heart. One of the nerve fibers entered the heart via the porta venosa, ran along the vena jugularis impar, and ended in the sinus venosus. The other nerve entered with the porta arteriosa and terminated in the proximal region of the bulbus cordis. Two characteristic types of nerve endings were observed. One type of nerve ending contained numerous, small, clear vesicles about 40 nm in diameter. These endings were found only in the walls of the vena jugularis impar and the sinus venosus. The second type of ending characteristically contained distinctive large-cored vesicles 60-130 nm in diameter mixed with numerous small, clear vesicles. These endings were present in the walls of the vena jugularis impar, the sinus venosus, and the bulbus cordis. It should be emphasized that the bulbus contained only the second type of nerve ending. The nerves in the heart were confined to specific regions and those from the two sources remained separate. Furthermore, the atrium, ventricle, ducts of Cuvier, and hepatic veins were completely devoid of nerves. There were no ganglion cells in any region of the heart.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091990411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study on the extraocular muscles of a lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 202 (1982), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports an EM study on the observations of the extraocular muscles of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Individual muscles consisted of numerous subunits, each being surrounded by a common external lamina and containing two, S and F-types, of muscle fibers. A subunit contained an average of 8.25 muscle fibers consisting of 5.58 S-type fibers and 2.67 F-type fibers. In a rectus anterior muscle, the total number of the S-type fiber was 852, the average cross-sectional area being 144 μm2. The total number of the F-type fiber was 397, the average cross-sectional area being 300 μm2. The S-type fiber was characterized by the arrangement of myofibrils as a single layer in the cortical sarcoplasm as well as by the development of peripheral couplings. The F-type fiber was characterized by the presence of central myofibrils in the juxtanuclear sarcoplasm in addition to peripheral myofibrils and by the development of the T-system and triads at the level of the Z line. M lines appeared distinct in the F-type fibers and less distinct in the S-type fibers. Muscle fibers within individual subunits were separated from each other by a space about 20 nm, but no membrane specializations such as gap junction or desmosome have been determined to exist between adjacent muscle fibers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092020102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies of coated membranes in two types of gill epithelial cells of lamprey (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 385-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gill epithelial cells ; Lamprey osmoregulation ; Coated membranes ; Apical vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coated membranes in two types of gill epithelial cell of adult lamprey, Lampetra japonica, were studied by electron microscopy. The type 3 gill epithelial cells possess well-developed microvilli or microfolds, apical vesicles and abundant mitochondria. The cytoplasmic surface of the microvillous plasma membrane is covered by a coat of regularly spaced particles with a center-to-center distance of about 15 nm. Each particle consists of a bulbous free end, about 10 nm in diameter, and a connecting piece, about 5 nm long. Apical vesicles are covered by a surface coat which consists of fine filamentous material but lack any special coating on their cytoplasmic surface. The type 4 cells (chloride cells) are characterized by apical vesicles, abundant mitochondria and cytoplasmic tubules. These tubules possess a coat on their luminal surface which consists of spirally wound parallel rows of electron-dense materials. The rows are about 16 nm apart and wound at a pitch of about 45°. The cytoplasmic surface of these tubules does not display a special coat. These coated membranes are assumed to be the sites of active ion transport across the plasma membrane. In particular, particles in type 3 cells and linear coat materials in chloride cells may be either loci of transport enzymes or energy generating systems. Apical vesicles lack any coating on their cytoplasmic surface but a fine filamentous coat is present on their luminal surface. They contain “intraluminal vesicles” and are continuous with apical ends of cytoplasmic tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218702
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