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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-Associated Phospholipase D Activity in Rat Sciatic Nerve (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat sciatic nerve contains a membrane-bound phospholipase D that catalyzes the hydrolysis of exogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. The enzyme is associated with a particulate fraction consisting primarily of microsomes and myelin. This fraction also contains phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity leading to the production of diacylglycerols (DAG). The phosphohydrolase activity can be completely inhibited by NaF. Hydrolysis of exogenous PC requires detergent and is linear up to about 40 μg of protein at a pH optimum of 6.5. In the absence of NaF, the sum of PA and DAG increases linearly for 40 min, whereas in its presence, PA production is linear for only 15 min. At optimum conditions, PC hydrolysis proceeds at 15 nmol/h/mg ot protein. Addition of increasing amounts of ethanol to the incubation system leads to the generation of increasing amounts of phosphatidylethanol, indicating transphosphatidylation activity. At an ethanol concentration of 0.4 M, phosphatidylethanol represents about one-half of the reaction products generated at approximately the same rate of enzymic activity observed in the absence of ethanol. Higher ethanol concentrations are inhibitory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08310.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis by Rat Sciatic Nerve Phospholipase C (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat sciatic nerve cytosol contains a phosphodiesterase of the phospholipase C type that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, with preferences of phospha-tidylinositol 4′-phosphate (PIP) 〉 phosphatidylinositol (PI) « phosphatidylinositol 4′, 5′-bisphosphate (PIP2), at a pH optimum of 5.5–6.0 and at maximum rates of 55, 13, and 0.7 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Analysis of reaction products by TLC and formate exchange chromatography shows that inositol 1, 2-cyclic phosphate (83%) and diacylglycerol are the major products of PI hydrolysis. [32P]PIP hydrolysis yields inositol bisphosphate, inositol phosphate, and inorganic phosphate, indicating the presence of phosphodiesterase, phosphomonoesterase, and/or inositol phosphate phosphatase activities in nerve cytosol. Phosphodiesterase activity is Ca2+-dependent and completely inhibited by EGTA, but phosphomonoesterase activity is independent of divalent cations or chelating agents. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (ly-soPC) inhibit PI hydrolysis. They stimulate PIP and PIP2 hydrolysis up to equimolar concentrations, but are inhibitory at higher concentrations. Both diacylglycerols and free fatty acids stimulate PI hydrolysis and counteract its inhibition by PC and lysoPC. PIP2 is a poor substrate for the cytosolic phospholipase C and strongly inhibits hydrolysis of PI. However, it enhances PIP hydrolysis up to an equimolar concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb02450.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of Inositol Lipid Metabolism of Rat Sciatic Nerve in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 36 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The composition and metabolism of rat sciatic nerve phospholipids were studied 20 weeks after induction of chronic diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). On a wet weight basis the nerves from the diabetic animals showed a 7% decrease in total phospholipid from that of controls and a relative decrease in phosphatidylinositol. Incubations of isolated sciatic nerves of diabetic rats in a medium containing [33P]orthophosphate gave decreased labeling of phosphatidylinositol and substantial changes in the labeling pattern of phosphatidylinositol phosphate and 4,5-bisphosphate from that of controls. The ratio of label in these polyphosphoinositides decreased from 2.5 for normal nerve to about 1.0 for diabetic nerve within a 2-h incubation period. These metabolic alterations were not observed in acutely diabetic animals 5 days after streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) administration. Because polyphosphoinositides may be involved in the control of membrane permeability during axonal conduction, alterations in their relative amounts or turnover rates could be related to the physiological changes of early diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01609.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONVERSION OF [1-14C]PALMITIC ACID TO [1-14C]HEXADECANOL BY DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN CELL-FREE PREPARATIONS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 26 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —The conversion of [l-14C]palmitic acid to [1-14C]hexadecanol has been demonstrated with a cell-free system from developing rat brain. ATP, Coenzyme A and Mg2+ were required for the activity. Fatty aldehyde was found to be an intermediate in this reaction. The conversion of fatty acid to fatty alcohol was mainly localized in the microsomal fraction and the formation of hexadecanol showed absolute specificity towards NADPH while fatty aldehyde was formed even in the absence of exogenous reduced pyridine nucleotides. The brain microsomes showed maximal activity with stearic acid and the activities with palmitic and oleic acids were 65% and 38% respectively of that with stearic acid. This enzymic reduction increased with age and showed a maximum in the 15-day old rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb04443.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Sequential Alterations of Endoneurial Cholesterol and Fatty Acid in Wallerian Degeneration and Regeneration (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The endoneurial nonpolar lipids were serially examined throughout Wallerian degeneration and regeneration. Following nerve crush in the rat, the endoneurial content of cholesterol falls and cholesteryl ester content rises dramatically. The maximal alteration of this ratio corresponds reasonably well with events of myelin ovoid dissolution to sudanophilic amorphous lipids. Thereafter, as regenerative events overshadow degenerative events the ratio is slowly restored toward normal. The increased cholesteryl esters are probably synthesized within endoneurium from free fatty acids which become available when myelin is degraded. The endoneurial free fatty acid content presumably represents the net effect of phospholipid degradation, cholesterol esterification, cholesteryl ester hydrolysis, and fascicular entry and exit. Free fatty acids become significantly elevated by 12 days, probably reach a peak between 16 and 60 days, and thereafter return to normal with fiber regeneration. The fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters from crushed nerves is markedly different from those of normal sciatic nerves. The altered fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters from myelin suggests that both synthesis and hydrolysis exhibit substrate specificity toward chain length and unsaturation, with oleate being the most favored substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07092.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENZYMATIC ACYLATION OF 1-ALKYL-, 1-ALKENYL-AND 1-ACYL GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Rat brain particulate fractions were shown to acylate [32P]1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (GPE). While the main product is 1-alkyl-2-acyl GPE, about 12 per cent of the radioactivity was also found in 1-alkenyl-2-acyl GPE. The acyl transferase activity was completely dependent on added ATP and CoA and it was localized mainly in the microsomal fraction. A comparative study of acyl transferase activities to 1-alkyl-, 1-alkenyl-, and 1-acyl GPE by crude mitochondrial fraction and microsomes of 10, 16 and 22-day-old rat brains showed a progressive increase in activity with development. In the 22-day-old rat brain the order of activity towards the three substrates is as follows: 1-acyl GPE ± 1-alkenyl GPE ± 1-alkyl GPE with a crude mitochondrial fraction and 1-acyl GPE ± 1-alkyl GPE ± 1-alkenyl GPE with microsomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb06933.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early Stimulation of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis During Wallerian Degeneration of Rat Sciatic Nerve (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Phospholipid metabolism was studied in rat sciatic nerve during Wallerian degeneration induced by crush injury. Portions of crushed sciatic nerve, incubated with labeled substrates, showed significantly higher phosphatidylcholine synthesis than normal nerve, prior to any measurable alterations of phospholipid composition. Maximum synthesis occurred 3 days after crush injury, at which time the metabolism of other phospholipids was unchanged. After a rapid decrease in biosynthetic activity, a second phase of enhanced phosphatidylcholine synthesis occurred, beginning 6 days after crush injury. Increased incorporation of [33P]phosphate, [2-3H]glycerol, and [Me-14C]- choline indicated stimulation of de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine 3 days after injury. Neither base exchange reactions nor sequential methylation of ethanolamine phospholipids contributed significantly to phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Assay of certain key enzymes under optimal conditions in subcellular fractions of sciatic nerve revealed higher activities of cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase, choline phosphotransferase, and acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in injured nerve, while choline kinase activity remained unchanged. This indicates that stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis occurs via the cytidine nucleotide pathway, as well as by increased acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine. Although the cause of stimulated phosphatidylcholine synthesis remains unexplained, it is possible that trace amounts of lysophospholipids or other metabolites produced by injury-enhanced phospholipase activity may be responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07921.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Unified Description of the Kinetics of Hydrate Nucleation, Growth, and Decomposition (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 715 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38843.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langmuir Constant Computations for Gas Hydrate Systems (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 34 (1995), S. 1494-1498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a059
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual presentation of cardiac tamponade (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of pericardial effusion with tamponade that presented as an acute abdomen is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14279.x
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