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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two desensitizing agents for the treatment of cervical dentine sensitivity (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Numerous desensitizing agents have been utilized in an effort to alleviate the discomfort associated with cervical dentine sensitivity (CDS). Recently several new tubule-occluding and sealant systems have been marketed for treatment. The aim of this study was to compare two desensitizing agents (ALL-BOND 2 and Butler Protect) in a 3-month clinical study. Ten subjects (6F; 4M mean age 45.1 years (SD 8.81) who had provided voluntary written informed consent participated in a single-blind 3-month clinical study. Subjects were evaluated for tactile (Yeaple probe) and air sensitivity (dental air syringe) together with subjective perception of pain (VAS scores) at 0.5 min, 1, 2 and 3 months. There was an overall trend in reduction of CDS over the study period in all groups with no significant differences detected between groups. The results suggested that while subjects reported overall reductions in sensitivity levels, this may not necessarily be substantiated when assessed objectively. Furthermore, there appeared to be a strong placebo effect in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00007.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on periodontal inflammation (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of direct application of chlorhexidine to periodontal pockets and the practicability of patient self-therapy using a technique of subgingival irrigation. Patients received no other oral hygiene instruction. After initial assessment of parameters, patients were given scaling and polishing and then instruction in the irrigation of designated pockets with chlorhexidine or a placebo using a disposable syringe and blunt needle. During the 28-day irrigation period with chlorhexidine there was a highly significant reduction in periodontal inflammation which was maintained at levels significantly below the baseline values for a further 28-day period without irrigation. There was a deterioration in the periodontal state of those patients who had used the placebo. The irrigation technique itself caused no discernible injury in this group of routine periodontal patients. Also, staining in the chlorhexidine group was minimal. It is concluded that subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine is effective in reducing periodontal inflammation and in controlling subgingival plaque. Intermittent treatment of this kind by the patient at home might reduce to more manageable levels the frequency of hygiene visits and the need for rigorous interdental oral hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb01223.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on gingival health of removing overhanging margins of interproximal subgingival amalgam restorations (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between amalgam restorations with subgingival overhanging margins and gingival health. This required the presence of such a restoration defect as the sole variable parameter. This was achieved by pairing 26 defective premolar and molar amalgams with similarly defective restorations in the same mouths, test and control being allocated randomly. Test amalgams were contoured to remove overhangs. All other procedures, namely, scaling, polishing and oral hygiene instruction were applied with equal emphasis. Plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and pocket depths were recorded at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. At the baseline (week 0) there were no significant differences between test and control sides for any of the parameters. Significant differences between test and control sides for all parameters were apparent at all other times.The greatest change took place during the first 4 weeks of the study. It was concluded that the presence of a subgingival overhanging defective margin may be the only important clinically significant feature of an amalgam restoration related to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. It was also demonstrated that correction of defective restorations should be effected during the initial phase of periodontal therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02152.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amalgam restorations, plaque removal and periodontal health (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A total of 156 approximal subgingival amalgam overhanging margins were assessed in the buccal segments of 13 patients for plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, pocket depth and gingival shrinkage. Recordings were made immediately before and 2, 4 and 8 weeks fallowing scaling, removal of overhangs, and oral hygiene instruction. Surfaces with overhangs were compared with control surfaces, which were either intact or contained supragingival amalgams. Initially it was found that gingival inflammation and pocket depth were more extensive adjacent to subgingival amalgam overhangs than to sound teeth or those with supragingivally located amalgams. This appeared to be due to preferential plaque accumulation in relation to subgingival overhangs. For all parameters compared, differences apparent at the baseline had disappeared by the end of the 8-week study period. Contouring of defective subgingival restorations, followed by effective scaling and oral hygiene instruction produced approximately 1 mm of gingival shrinkage, sufficient in most cases to produce clinical gingival health. Of the 156 subgingival fillings 83 (53%) became supragingival and 43 (28 %) reached the gingival crest by the end of the 8-week study period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1979.tb02188.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    0.1%/0.2% commercial chlorhexidine solutions as subgingival irrigants in chronic periodontitis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study compared 2 proprietary chlorhexidine (CH) products, Corsodyl (CO - 0.2% CH. then ICI. U.K.) and Eludril (EL - 0.1% CH. Pierre Fabre. France) as subgingival irrigants adjunctive to Simplified Oral Hygiene. 19 subjects. 8M, HE aged 30-57 years, mean 44 years, took part. Probing pocket depth (PPD) ranged from 5-10 mm, mean 6.5 mm (CO and EL), with 60 CO and 65 EL sites. After oral hygiene instruction, without stress on interdental cleaning, patients received one visit supra- and subgingival debridement. and instruction in subgingival irrigation using the Max-I-Probe system (Smith & Nephew MPL, USA). For baseline, days 28 (end of irrigation). 56 and 84. data were respectively: GI (medians): 1.7. 1.2. 1.2. 1.0 (CO). 1.9. 1.5, 1.3. 1.0 EL): BOP (medians): 1.2, 0.4. 0.7. 0.4 (CO), 1.5. 0.6. 0.6, 0.25 (EL): PPD (mm) (means): 6.3. 4.8, 4.2, 4.5 (CO). 6.8, 5.2, 5.3. 4.7 (EL); PAL (mm) (means-change relative to day 0): 0.6, 0.5. 0.8 (CO), 0.8. 0.8. 1.5 (EL). By Wilcoxon for non-parametric and /-tests for parametric data, both groups showed significant improvement for all variables at all times relative to baseline, with only one significant difference between the groups, in favour of EL, for PAL at day 84 (p〈0.05). This pilot study indicates that both simplified oral hygiene regimes are effective in periodontitis. but that there was no difference between the 2 commercial irrigants as adjunctives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00552.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial penetration of pocket soft tissues in chronic adult and juvenile periodontitis cases (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates bacterial invasion of the soft tissue walls of deep pockets from cases with adult (AP) and juvenile periodontitis (JP). Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine pocket soft tissue walls removed from extracted teeth from 5 patients with AP and 2 patients with JP. Bacteria were sparse throughout the epithelium and connective tissue, regardless of the level of tissue breakdown. However many inflammatory cells were seen, and these did appear to be located in regions of marked collagen loss. Accumulations of large numbers of bacteria were extremely rare and found only on the epithelial surface or in artefactual spaces within the deeper tissues. The findings indicate that the tissue destruction associated with periodontitis is not directly related to bacterial invasion. The sparse organisms within the pocket tissues probably result from passive entry rather than an invasive action. Under these circumstances, it would seem reasonable to suggest that bacterial metabolic products rather than the micro-organisms themselves penetrate the tissues in periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb01508.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobial properties of 2 aliphatic amines and chlorhexidine in vitro and in saliva (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The surfactants tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine and chlorhexidine have been compared with regard to their ability to inhibit microbial growth. Antibacterial activity was assessed by tube dilution methods. Tetradecylamine and chlorhexidine were similar in antibacterial activity, being effective at low concentrations against most organisms tested. Hexadecylamine also inhibited growth but at higher concentrations. Viable counts of salivary organisms were monitored in volunteers over 48 h after one rinse with the agents. The initial reduction in numbers of total viable salivary bacteria and streptococci by tetradecylamine and of streptococci by hexadecylamine had disappeared 3 h after a single mouth rinse, but the reduction in numbers of all salivary bacteria by chlorhexidine was more prolonged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb01512.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plaque and chronic inflammatory Periodontal disease A question of ecology (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nature of the relationship between dental plaque and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD) remains unclear, although there is no doubt that plaque is the direct cause. Non–specific, specific and exogenous hypotheses have been proposed to explain plaque-host relationships. Current evidence indicates that plaque is part of the natural human microflora, one of many such in nature, and that disruption of oral microbial ecology, due primarily to diet texture changes, leads to gingivitis and periodontitis. These result in increased plaque accumulation, and particularly in increased interdental effective plaque thickness. The latter leads to alterations in plaque ecology, particularly increasing anaerobiosis, with resultant shifts in proportions of its constituent species. These shifts are responsible for the increased counts of, for example, Bacteroides gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Wolinella recta, spirochaetes and others, associated with chronic periodontitis in its various forms. Measures to prevent or control chronic periodontitis should aim, not to eliminate plaque, which ignores ecology and would compromise host defence, but to restore the species distribution in plaque to that compatible with health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01102.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case report of chronic neutropenia: clinical and ultrastructural findings (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This case report of severe periodontitis concerns a young male patient with chronic idiopathic neutropenia seen between 1981 and 1983 by the School of Dental Medicine of Geneva and from 1984 to 1988 by the Eastman Dental Hospital of London. The patient was maintained by intermittent systemic antibiotics, subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation, conventional debridement, brushing, and wire-mesh and composite splinting of loose teeth. After leaving school, at the patient's express wish, the extreme downhill pattern of the periodontitis resulted in removal of affected teeth and overdenture construction. The extracted teeth and associated soft tissues were examined for relevant plaque and host response features. The intact morphotypes associated with the advancing front of the lesion were invariably Gram-negative or positive coccoid cells, or less commonly short rods, as in all documented forms of periodotitis. Connective tissue destruction was associated with a leucocyte accumulation comprising mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and plasma cells. Both were observed degenerated more deeply than in routine adult periodontitis, including PMN lysosome loss and lymphocyte maturation within peripheral blood vessels. Only in one instance, one part of the superficial connective tissue of one block contained bacteria. It was concluded that the features of plaque and the lesion suggest a typical first line of defence response as in other forms of periodontitis. From the consideration of the 10 years clinical history of the patient, it is clear that non-surgical management is possible even in extreme cases, without any compromise of the patient's oral or systemic health, and in accord with the patient's wishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1990.tb02342.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of a simplified oral hygiene regime plus supragingival irrigation with chlorhexidine or metronidazole on chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study compared a simplified oral hygiene regime (scaling, root planing and Bass brushing) with this same regime plus 0.02% chlorhexidine (CH), 0.05% metronidazole (MD) and inactive control (PL) solutions delivered supra-gingivally by a pulsating water jet irrigator.22 patients were distributed randomly into 3 groups, 0.02% chlorhexidine (CH), 0.05% metronidazole (MD), and inactive control (PL). Approximal surfaces with associated pockets ≥ 4 mm were monitored at day 0, for plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), baseline measurement for gingival shrinkage and probeable pocket depth. All monitored surfaces were then immediately scaled and root planed. All patients received identical oral hygiene instruction (Bass brushing), with a sodium fluoride toothpaste and a multituft toothbrush, and were shown how to use the oral irrigator. Proficiency in use of the oral irrigator was checked again at day 7. No interdental cleaning was taught. The active treatment period was 28 days. Patients were seen at days 7, 28, 56 and 84, and all parameters were recorded at each visit, but no further oral hygiene instruction was given.Within procedure comparisons of the findings at days 28 (end of active treatment) 56 and 84 with those at day 0, showed statistically highly significant improvements in all parameters for all groups. Regarding between procedure comparisons, CH was better in reducing PlI at all times except at day 84, and on several occasions in reducing GI and SBI. Irrigated groups were always better than non-irrigated groups. Although the differences were statistically highly significant, clinically the differences between groups were relatively small, except for CH effect on PlI. It was concluded that an oral hygiene regime of scaling, root planing and Bass brushing is statistically less effective in reducing PLI, GI and SBI than the same regime with once daily supragingival irrigation with a pulsating jet oral irrigator, especially using CH (0.02%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01465.x
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