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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Irrigation science 12 (1991), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The salt tolerance of irrigated Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus L.) was assessed in terms of biomass of both above ground parts and tubers in greenhouse and field trials. Salinity of irrigation water ranged from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 in the greenhouse trial and from 0.2 to 10 dS m−1 in the field trial. Yield response of the dry matter of tubers of greenhouse-grown plants and of above ground parts of greenhouse-grown and fieldgrown plants, fell within the moderately tolerant category of Maas and Hoffman (1977). However, tuber yields in the field on a heavy clay loam fell within the moderately sensitive category, described by the equation, Y = 100 − 9.62 (ECe-0.4), where Y = yield (t ha−1) as a % of that under non-saline conditions and ECe = electrical conductivity of saturation extract in the rootzone (0–30 cm). The Cl concentration of leaves increased linearly with increasing external salinity and increased from tubers to stems to leaves. In contrast, leaf Na remained low except at the highest salinities, despite consistently higher stem Na; indicating some mechanism for restriction of leaf Na up to a certain external salinity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; egg parasitoids ; orchard pests ; false codling moth ; Lutte biologique ; parasitoödes oophages ; ravageurs de vergers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans la partie ouest de la province du Cap, en Afrique du Sud, des lâchers inondatifs du parasitoïde oophageTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja ont été réalisés contreCryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), dans 5 exploitations de citrus, sur une période de 2 saisons consécutives. Un lâcher de 80 000 parasitoïdes par hectare et par semaine a été réalisé durant 29 et 33 semaines respectivement pour les 2 saisons. A la fin de chaque saison le nombre total de parasitoïdes atteint fut de 2.3 et 3.8 million d'individus par hectare respectivement. Comparée avec les zones non-traitées, sur les mêmes vergers, la population larvaire des zones de lâchers fut réduite de 54% lors de la 1re saison et de 60% lors de la 2c. Le pourcentage de perte de récolte a été réduit de 49.4±12.4 et de 61.1±8.3% respectivement. Ce résultat est à relier à l'augmentation du taux de parasitisme constaté sur la population des œufs. L'efficacité de ce traitement est semblable à celle obtenue avec l'application des inhibiteurs “de synthèse de la chitine”, mais le prix de la production des parasitoïdes n'est que de 30% par rapport à celui du prix de l'insecticide. Le travail manuel trop intensif, demande que des essais soient réalisés pour vérifier si des lâchers inoculatifs, à un taux plus élevé par semaine et sur une période plus courte seraient efficaces.
    Notizen: Abstract Inundative releases of the egg parasitoidTrichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja were made againstCryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) on 5 commercial citrus farms in the western Cape Province, South Africa, over 2 successive seasons. A target release volume of 80 000 parasitoids ha−1 week−1 was established for releases over 29 and 33 weeks during the 2 seasons. Total seasonal volumes reached an equivalent of 2.3 and 3.8 million parasitoids ha−1 respectively. Compared with check treatments on each farm, larval population size was reduced in the release areas by 54% in the 1st and by almost 60% in the 2nd season. Percentage crop loss was reduced by 49.4±12.4 and 61.1±8.3% respectively. Treatment effects were clearly related to increases in rate of parasitism measured in both artificially-placed and in nativeC. leucotreta egg populations. Treatment efficacy is similar to that obtained with applications of chitin synthesis inhibitors but parasitoid production costs are 30% of insecticide costs. Manual distribution of parasitoids is labour intensive, however, and further studies should investigate whether inoculative releases at higher rates per week over a shorter period, are effective.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): false codling moth ; female sex pheromones ; lichi moth ; species-specific attractants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A series of field evaluations using the Pherocon-1C trap examined various doses and blends of the following synthetic pheromone compounds: (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate (E7-12:Ac), (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac), (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:Ac), decyl acetate (10:Ac), dodecyl acetate (12:Ac), tetradecyl acetate (14:Ac), hexadecyl acetate (16:Ac), and octadecyl acetate (18:Ac). It was concluded that E7-12:Ac is not a true sex pheromone inCryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) because it only led to significant male catches at doses greater than 1 mg per lure and did not perform as well as mixtures of E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac. The latter mixtures led to significantly higher catches ofC. leucotreta when the ratio of E8-12:Ac to Z8-12:Ac was 9∶1 rather than 1∶1 as in commercial lures. Increases in dosages of this blend from 1 mg to 50 mg per lure did not lead to increases in male moth catches. An additional 10% 12:Ac had no consistent significant effect on numbers of captured males. 10:Ac, 12:Ac, 14:Ac, 16:Ac, and 18:Ac, individually or in various combinations with 9:1 E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac corresponding to their average proportions in female pheromone glands, did not lead to significant increases inC. leucotreta catches. Blends of E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac at 1 mg per lure also resulted in catches of males of the litchi moth,Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick), when containing 70% or more Z8-12:Ac. Maximum catches ofC. peltastica occurred in traps baited with 100% Z8-12:Ac.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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