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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial confinement and saturation of substitutional platinum by diffusion into ion-beam damaged silicon (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5970-5974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diffusion of platinum into lightly damaged regions of ion-implanted silicon has been investigated using deep-level transient spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage profiling. The samples consisted of PtSi/Si n-type Schottky diodes which had been implanted with O, F, or Cl to an intermediate depth between the zero-bias and reverse-bias depletion boundaries, and subsequently annealed at a temperature of 700 °C. The distribution of in-diffused Pt was obtained by monitoring the electron emission from the acceptor level (EC−ET=0.23 eV) previously assigned to Pt in a distorted substitutional configuration. The Pt was found to be distributed approximately congruous with the vacancy distribution generated during implantation. For a typical implantation dose (≈1011 cm−2) we recorded an enhanced accumulation of Pt by about two orders of magnitude as compared to diffusion into nonimplanted material. This apparent decoration of the primary damage profile occurs without the simultaneous introduction of other electrically active defects on a comparable scale. We infer that the residual damage present during annealing is sufficient to promote accumulation to saturation of substitutional Pt in the region of primary implantation damage. This rather remarkable property of guided in-diffusion, a kind of gettering phenomenon, may have potential applications in Si-device engineering. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360600
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of shallow donor in fluorine-implanted silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1807-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A shallow fluorine-related donor is reported. The donor has been revealed by capacitance–voltage profiling applied to furnace-annealed, fluorine-implanted silicon samples. The implantations were carried out at high energy, in the range 5–7 MeV. The assignment of the donor structure to fluorine results from a detailed examination of the effective space-charge distribution around the implantation range (≈4 μm) in comparison with data obtained for similar oxygen-implanted samples. The depth-integrated density of the donors formed after annealing at 700 °C is ≈3×1010 cm−2 corresponding to ≈1% of the implantation dose. The density increases by more than one order of magnitude for samples annealed only at 600 °C. In addition to the shallow donor level (or levels) a fluorine-specific level at Ec−Et≈0.15 eV has been assigned by application of deep-level transient spectroscopy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360973
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of blackbody radiation in deep-level transient spectroscopy (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9385-9387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deep-level transient spectroscopy has been combined with ion implantation in low-temperature investigations of deep centers in silicon. We demonstrate that thermal radiation, originating from vacuum chamber walls, can influence in situ recording of emission rates significantly. As an example, the emissivity (en) of the hydrogen E3′ center was found to be dominated by an optical contribution at temperatures below ≈65 K. A typical value, en(op)≈5.5 s−1, has been recorded in measurements with unshielded Au Schottky diodes. This effect of thermal radiation vanishes when a diode is fully encapsulated and thereby in thermal equilibrium with the radiation field. The optically induced emissivity is particularly large for the hydrogen center used here to illustrate the effect but has been observed for other deep centers as well. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362571
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An impurity-related bistable defect in thermally processed silicon (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5824-5826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A process-induced metastable defect in n-type silicon is reported. The defect is found close to the wafer surface after combination of ambient gas-flow annealing at ≈900 °C depending on subsequent cleaning procedure. The defect gives rise to a band-gap level Ec−Et=0.25 eV observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy after reverse-bias cooling of the sample. Both annealing and generation of the defect proceed by 1st order processes. The activation enthalpies (ΔE) and pre-exponential factors (v) have been determined from Arrhenius analyses; the results are ΔE=0.63 eV and ν=1⋅1012 s−1 for annealing, and ΔE=0.65 eV and ν=6⋅1014 s−1 for generation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359647
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic modes of oscillatory chemical reactions (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4778-4785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We show how eigenvectors of the Jacobi matrix @sJ and its transpose @sJT at a supercritical Hopf bifurcation can be used for quantitative characterization and analysis of models of oscillatory chemical reactions. Eigenvectors of @sJ determine the oscillations and the principal transients and can be expressed in terms of concentrations or reaction currents. Important reactions of a system can be easily identified this way. A pair of complex conjugate eigenvectors of @sJT associated with the bifurcation determines all independent quenchings of the oscillations. It can be used for quantitative comparison with experiment and in systematic search for better models. We combine the two sets of eigenvectors in a quantitative analysis of the effect of using a phase space of reduced dimension as an approximation to the full phase space. The analysis is illustrated by an explicit reduction of a five-dimensional Oregonator based model of the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction to a four-dimensional phase space involving a "quasi-species.'' The reduced phase space is tangent to a slow manifold at the bifurcating stationary point. Reconstruction of amplitudes and phases of the oscillations from incomplete quenching data is explained in terms of the reduced phase space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457695
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching of chemical oscillations: General theory (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 1747-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We develop the theoretical basis for quenching analysis of small-amplitude chemical oscillations near a Hopf bifurcation in a concentration space of arbitrary dimension. (Quenching of a limit-cycle oscillation is carried out experimentally by instantaneously changing the concentrations of chemical species in a definite phase of the oscillation.) It is shown that quenching by addition of a species determines the reciprocal of the corresponding component of an eigenvector of the transposed Jacobi matrix. The set of all independent quenchings determines the tangent space of the stable manifold at the associated saddle focus even if only one species is monitored. Reconstruction of the oscillations from quenching data in an n-dimensional concentration space requires additional information if n〉3. We show that if n−2 chemical species are monitored the oscillatory parts of the remaining two (unknown) concentrations can be exactly calculated from the result of n quenchings. In this case one additional quenching by dilution suffices to determine also the two unknown average concentrations. Reconstruction from m quenchings with m−2 species monitored may still be possible with m less than the dimension; it will be exact if the species tested by quenching are the only ones oscillating, and an accurate approximation if the remaining n−m species oscillate with sufficiently small amplitudes. Experimental quenching data can be used for quantitative tests of models of an oscillatory system, and we show how quenching data can be calculated from models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hopf bifurcation in chemical kinetics (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 1020-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We study Hopf bifurcations in chemical reaction systems for their potential use in quantitative experimental analysis of the kinetics of oscillatory reactions. Three models of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction are investigated as examples. For these we have determined and characterized the sub- and supercritical Hopf bifurcations in their dependence on parameters of the models. For supercritical bifurcations we calculate a number of parameters that can be used for quantitative comparison of models and experiment. In particular, we calculate expansion coefficients of the flow rate, the frequency of oscillation, and a Floquet exponent; the small parameter of the expansions is the square of the amplitude of the fundamental Fourier component of the oscillations. We also calculate quenching amplitudes from an adjoint eigenvector of the Jacobi matrix of the kinetics. They determine the conditions under which the small amplitude oscillations can be quenched by addition of the species participating in the reaction. The model properties are compared with experiment. They show qualitative, but not quantitative agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460057
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between selective sleep deprivation, nocturnal jaw-muscle activity and pain in healthy men (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between nocturnal jaw-muscle activity and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selective slow wave sleep (SWS = non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) stage 3 + 4) deprivation on jaw-muscle activity using a new automatic system. Ten healthy men without signs of symptoms of TMD participated. The subjects slept in the laboratory for six continuous nights including one adjustment night, one baseline night, three nights with experimental sleep deprivation and one recovery night. Polysomnographic recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were obtained for recognition of sleep stages and masseter muscle activity. During the three experimental nights, computer-controlled sound stimulation (60–90 dB(A), 1000 Hz) were given as long as the subjects were in SWS. Maximum voluntary occlusal force (MVOF), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess the state of the masseter muscles every morning and evening during the study period. The results showed that the time spent in SWS was significantly decreased during the first sleep deprivation night, but there were no significant effects on nocturnal EMG activity (i.e. the numbers of bruxism episodes per hour of sleep, bruxism bursts per episodes bruxism bursts per hour of sleep), MVOF, VAS or PPT. Furthermore, the automatic system only deprived the SWS in five subjects for the following two nights although the sound stimulation was given at the maximum intensity. These results suggest that deprivation of SWS may not interact immediately with nocturnal jaw-muscle activity and jaw-muscle pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00687.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A familial syndromic association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and neural system tumours: reply from authors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06291.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with multiple tumours—evidence for new syndromes in a population-based study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The hypotheses that Swedish patients with four or more primary tumours [including at least one cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM)] harbour an increased number of CDKN2A (formerly p16) germline mutations, and that this group of patients show a predisposition to other tumours, e.g. nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), were studied descriptively. So far the mutation 113insArg explains all CDKN2A-associated CMM in ethnic Swedes.Objectives  All patients with four or more primary tumours, of which at least one was a CMM, from the Southern Swedish Regional Tumour Registry, between 1958 and 1999, were included in this study.Methods  Forty-four patients were found and subdivided into three groups according to having multiple CMM (group A) or single CMM ± NMSC (groups B and C). Screening for the presence of the Swedish founder mutation 113insArg in blood or in tissue blocks was performed.Results  Patients in group A were younger at the time of the first CMM diagnosis than patients in group B and group C. The 113insArg mutation was found in four of 44 patients (9%), three with multiple CMM. In group C (n = 14) no founder mutation was evident, while in group B (n = 15) one mutation carrier was found. Nonmutation carriers with multiple CMM (group A) also had a predilection for meningiomas and neurinomas (four patients) or multiple NMSC (three patients). In group B CMM were especially associated with adenocarcinomas but in group C CMM were associated with multiple NMSC.Conclusion  The association between meningiomas and neurinomas (no acoustic neurinoma was seen) might indicate a new syndrome. Patients in groups B and C may harbour unknown genetic defects, which could interact with different environmental risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05852.x
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