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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum ionized calcium in renal failure — a guideline for 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment (1976)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects on bone mass after eight years of hormonal replacement therapy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective The purpose of this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study over two years followed by a six year open controlled extension phase was to investigate the effects of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) both continuous combined HRT and sequential HRT) versus no treatment on lumbar spine bone mineral density (L-BMD) and distal forearm bone mineral content (F-BMC). Further, bone mineral density of the proximal femur, lateral spine, and distal forearm was studied after eight years.Design Prospective study of normal, early postmenopausal women, initially in a double-blind, placebo controlled study, subsequently an open, controlled investigation.Setting Clinical physiology unit of a general second degree referral hospital.Sample Seventy-three normal, early postmenopausal women (HRT n= 47; placebo/untreated n= 26).Methods Dual photon absorptiometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry, single photon absorptiometry.Main outcome measures HRT resulted in a significantly (P 〈 0.001) higher mean L-BMD after eight years, when it was 12.1% higher than the mean initial value and 14.8% higher than the mean bone mineral density of the untreated group. L-BMD increased by 14.6% in women receiving continuous combined HRT compared with 11.1% in those on sequential HRT but intergroup differences were not statistically significant. Mean F-BMC measured with SPA decreased in the HRT group and in the placebo/untreated group by 0.2% and 14.8% (P 〈 0.001), respectively. However, after eight years mean F-BMC was 14.5% higher in the HRT group than in the placebo/untreated group. The study showed after eight years for all regions of the distal radius and ulna a significantly higher bone mineral density value compared with the placebo/untreated group (P 〈 0.001). An especially large effect of HRT was found on the bone mineral density of the vertebral body of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3), this one, measured by lateral scanning, being 18.7% higher than that of the placebo/untreated group. For the proximal femur, only the bone mineral density of Ward's triangle was significantly higher in the HRT group than in the placebo/untreated group.Conclusion Eight years of treatment with HRT resulted in a significant, substantial gain of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine. The distal radius, ulna and Ward's triangle showed a significantly higher bone mineral density in the HRT group compared with the placebo/untreated group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11981.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnitude and pattern of skeletal response to long term continuous and cyclic sequential oestrogen/progestin treatment (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate the magnitude and pattern of the changes in bone mass during five years of continuous and cyclic sequential oestrogen/progestin treatment.Design Prospective study of normal, early postmenopausal women, initially a double-blind, placebo controlled trial, subsequently an open, controlled investigation.Setting Clinical physiology unit of a general hospital.Subjects Sixty-eight normal, early postmenopausal women.Results 1. Continuous treatment resulted in significantly higher lumbar spine bone density than did sequential treatment (P 〈 0.001). Lumbar spine bone density was 19% and 15%, respectively, above that of untreated women after three years and onwards, and 10% and 6%, respectively, above the initial value; 2. Both regimens induced a more pronounced rise in lumbar spine bone density than in forearm bone mineral content (P 〈 0.001); 3. The spontaneous decline (without treatment) in lumbar spine bone density and forearm bone mineral content averaged 1.86% and 1.90% per year, respectively. 4. There was a significant bone loss from the lumbar spine during the last year of active treatment (P 〈 0.001). This would suggest that lumbar spine bone density rises to a certain level and subsequently declines. However, neither data pooled before computation nor data processed individually for each patient over five years allowed for any definite conclusions regarding the pattern of the long term skeletal response to combined oestrogen/progestin treatment.Conclusion Five years treatment with oestradiol/norethisterone resulted in a substantial gain in bone mass. The highest values were found in the axial skeleton with daily administration of 2 mg oestradiol and 1 mg norethisterone. It is likely that bone mass after an absolute rise begins to decline after about four years of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13618.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gamma camera method for the evaluation of deep-vein thrombosis in the leg (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 6 (1981), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 99mTc-labelled heparin was used to examine acute deep-vein thrombosis in the leg. 99mTc-heparin (4 mCi) was injected into a dorsal foot vein. Rapid-sequence scintiphotos were taken of the lower legs and thighs. One hour after the injection, images were taken to reveal possible late accumulation of 99mTc-heparin in the thrombi. The venous outflow was assessed by a strain gauge technique. X-ray phlebography was performed on the same or the subsequent day. All patients having an abnormal X-ray phlebography also had an abnormal isotope phlebography. Acute deep-vein thrombosis in the leg can be diagnosed reliably with the combined method of 99mTc-heparin scintigraphy and measurement of venous outflow. Late accumulation of 99mTc-heparin in thrombi of the deep veins was seen in 6 of 12 patients with acute thrombosis. Patients with chronic changes were difficult to evaluate, since the resolution of the scintillation camera does not allow detection of minor changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251344
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of lumbar spine densitometry in women with fractures (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 276-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mineral content ; Bone mineral density ; Fracture risk ; Osteodensitometry ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Identification of postmenopausal women at risk of developing osteoporotic fractures is a major clinical problem. In this study the use of projected planar lumbar bone density values for individual fracture risk assessment was questioned. Osteodensitometry (DXA) results from 415 normal women, 62 women with previous vertebral compressions, and 76 women with previous low-energy fractures were analyzed, together with their body size and lumbar vertebral body size variables. The following were found: (1) Lumbar vertebral projected bone mineral areal density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of normal women correlated with body size variables (p〈0.001). (2) Lumbar vertebral body size variables also correlated with body size variables (p〈0.001). Logistic regression analysis of measured and derived physical variables from women without and with vertebral compression fractures (n=477) showed: (3) The best compression fracture discriminator, significantly better than BMD, was BMC divided by (Hmax/165 cm)15×(D/4.35 cm)1.5, where Hmax is the body height (cm) at the menopause, and D the mean lumbar vertebral diameter of the three mid-lumbar vertebral bodies (cm). This parameter was termed BMCcorr.. ROC analysis showed: (4) At a BMCcoor. true positive ratio of 80% the corresponding uncorrected BMC or BMD true positive ratio was only 60%. The corresponding false positive ratio was 6%. Lumbar osteodensitometry could not be used to identify women with a history of peripheral low-energy fractures. (5) BMCcoor. did not, unlike BMC and BMD, correlate with body size and vertebral size variables. (6) Likewise, an observed correlation between BMC and lean body mass in a subpopulation of 116 normal women was abolished when BMCcorr. replaced BMC. We suggest that vertebral compression fracture risk limits based on BMC, corrected for individual differences in body size and vertebral body size, replace the commonly used BMD fracture risk limits. The discriminatory ability of BMCcorr. for low-energy fractures needs to be tested in a different population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623833
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate by the cat submandibular gland (1970)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 318 (1970), S. 63-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Submandibular Gland ; Saliva ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Inorganic Phosphate ; Submandibulardrüse ; Speichel ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Anorganisches Phosphat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretion of magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate by the submandibular gland of normal cats was studied during electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve fibers to the gland. The concentration of magnesium and calcium decreased rapidly after the beginning of constant stimulation. Thereafter a constant level was reached. The changes of phosphate concentrations were less marked. Steady state magnesium and calcium concentrations were independent of the salivary flow when this was above 100 μl/min×g gland weight. The concentration of both magnesium and calcium increased at flows below this value. Steady state concentration of inorganic phosphate was independent of salivary flow when this was higher than 150–200 μl/min×g gland weight and increased at lower secretory rates. The concentrations of all the three elements were always lower than the serum concentrations. Acute thyroparathyroidectomy did not alter the secretory pattern. In acutely thyroparathyroidectomized animals an increase in serum magnesium concentration from 2–5 meq/l did not change steady state salivary magnesium concentrations. This was only moderately augmented by still higher concentrations. A rise in serum calcium concentration to 15 meq/l did not affect the steady state salivary calcium concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588543
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