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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial heavy-metal resistance (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 730-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We are just beginning to understand the metabolism of heavy metals and to use their metabolic functions in biotechnology, although heavy metals comprise the major part of the elements in the periodic table. Because they can form complex compounds, some heavy metal ions are essential trace elements, but, essential or not, most heavy metals are toxic at higher concentrations. This review describes the workings of known metal-resistance systems in microorganisms. After an account of the basic principles of homoeostasis for all heavy-metal ions, the transport of the 17 most important (heavy metal) elements is compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051457
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal-resistant bacteria as extremophiles: molecular physiology and biotechnological use of Ralstonia sp. CH34 (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Heavy metal bioprecipitation ; Heavy metal biosensors ; Heavy metal resistance ; Cadmium ; Cobalt ; Zinc ; Nickel ; Chromate ; Ralstonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to thermophilic or psychrophilic organisms, heavy metal-resistant bacteria do not supply enzymes that are active under harsh conditions, but are themselves tools for the evaluation and remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments. Ralstonia sp. CH34 is a gram-negative bacterium with a remarkable set of resistance determinants, allowing this bacterium to live in extreme environments that are heavily contaminated with toxic metal ions. These heavy metal ions are mostly detoxified by inducible ion efflux systems that reduce the intracellular concentration of a given ion by active export. Because all metal resistance determinants in this bacterium are inducible, their regulatory systems can be used to develop biosensors that measure the biologically important concentrations of heavy metals in an environment. Resistance based on metal ion efflux detoxifies only the cytoplasm of the respective cell. Therefore, this resistance mechanism cannot be used directly to develop biotechnological procedures; however, metal ion efflux can protect a cell in a metal-contaminated environment. Thus, the cell can be enabled to mediate biochemical reactions such as precipitation of heavy metals with the carbon dioxide produced during growth or degradation of xenobiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050140
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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