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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supplemental manganese improves the relative growth, net assimilation and photosynthetic rates of salt-stressed barley (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous results in our laboratory indicated that a reduced Mn concentration in the leaves of barley was highly correlated with the reduced relative growth and net assimilation rates of salt-stressed plants. If Mn deficiency limits the growth of salt-stressed barley, then increasing leaf Mn concentrations should increase growth. In the present study, the effect of supplemental Mn on the growth of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. CM 72) was tested to determine if a salinity-induced Mn deficiency was limiting growth. Plants were salinized with 125 mol m−3 NaCl and 9.6 mol m−3 CaCl2. Supplemental Mn was applied in 2 ways: 1) by increasing the Mn concentration in the solution culture and 2) by spraying Mn solutions directly onto the leaves. Growth was markedly inhibited at this salinity level. Dry matter production was increased 100% in salt-stressed plants treated with supplemental Mn to about 32% of the level of nonsalinized controls. The optimum solution culture concentration was 2.0 mmol m−3, and the optimum concentration applied to the leaves was 5.0 mol m−3. Supplemental Mn did not affect the growth of control plants. Further experiments showed that supplemental Mn increased Mn concentrations and uptake to the shoot. Supplemental Mn increased the relative growth rate of salt-stressed plants and this increase was attributed to an increase in the net assimilation rate; there were no significant effects on the leaf area ratio. Supplemental Mn also increased the net photosynthetic rate of salt-stressed plants. The data support the hypothesis that salinity induced a Mn deficiency in the shoot, which partially reduced photosynthetic rates and growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04710.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated CO 2 increases productivity and invasive species success in an arid ecosystem (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 20% of the earth's terrestrial surface area, have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystem types to elevated atmospheric CO2 and associated global climate change. Here we show, using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35040544
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotic, abiotic and performance aspects of the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Facility (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Arid and semiarid climates comprise roughly 40% of the earth’s terrestrial surface. Deserts are predicted to be extremely responsive to global change because they are stressful environments where small absolute changes in water availability or use represent large proportional changes. Water and carbon dioxide fluxes are inherently coupled in plant growth. No documented global change has been more substantial or more rapid than the increase in atmospheric CO2. Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology permits manipulation of CO2 in intact communities without altering factors such as light intensity or quality, humidity or wind. The Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) consists of three 491 m2 plots in the Mojave Desert receiving 550 μL L–1 CO2, and six ambient plots to assess both CO2 and fan effects. The shrub community was characterized as a Larrea–Ambrosia–Lycium species complex. Data are reported through 12 months of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00255.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minirhizotron installation in sandy, rocky soils with minimal soil disturbance (2000)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 64 (2000), S. 761-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use efficiency and carbon isotope composition of plants in a cold desert environment (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Water use efficiency ; Carbon isotope composition ; Photosynthesis ; Water availability ; Nitrogen availability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the availabilities of water and nitrogen on water use efficiency (WUE) of plants were investigated in a sagebrush steppe. The four species studied wereArtemisia tridentata (shrub),Ceratoides lanata (suffrutescent shrub),Elymus lanceolatus (rhizomatous grass), andElymus elymoides (tussock grass). Water and nitrogen levels were manipulated in a two-by-two factorial design resulting in four treatments: control (no additions), added water, added nitrogen, and added water and nitrogen. One instantaneous and two long-term indicators of WUE were used to testa priori predictions of the ranking of WUE among treatments. The short-term indicator was the instantaneous ratio of assimilation to transpiration (A/E). The long-term measures were 1) the slope of the relationship between conductance to water vapor and maximum assimilation and 2) the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant material. Additional water decreased WUE, whereas additional nitrogen increased WUE. For both A/E and δ13C, the mean for added nitrogen alone was significantly greater than the mean for added water alone, and means for the control and added water and nitrogen fell in between. This ranking of WUE supported the hypothesis that both water and nitrogen limit plant gas exchange in this semiarid environment. The short- and long-term indicators were in agreement, providing evidence in support of theoretical models concerning the water cost of carbon assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789925
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas exchange of Agropyron desertorum: diurnal patterns and responses to water vapor gradient and temperature (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 77 (1988), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Assimilation ; Conductance ; Water use efficiency ; Drought conditions ; Daily carbon gain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of leaf gas exchange to environmental variables were measured at different levels of drought stress for Agropyron desertorum, a naturalized perennial bunchgrass of the semiarid shrub steppes of western North America. Leaf conductance (stomatal plus boundary layer) was more sensitive to changes in water vapor gradient than to changes in leaf temperature. Assimilation was sensitive to both temperature and vapor gradient, and also appeared to be affected by conductance and high transpiration rates. The magnitudes of both assimilation and conductance decreased with increased drought conditions. Diurnal patterns of gas exchange were measured during 3 growing seasons. For a typical spring day with moderate leaf temperature and vapor gradient, diurnal patterns were similar for plants at different levels of soil water availability. Assimilation was relatively constant during most of the day, but conductance decreased during the afternoon. Total daily carbon gain was decreased to a lesser extent than daily water loss as soil water was depleted. Consequently, the ratio of daily carbon gain to daily water loss, i.e. daily water use efficiency, increased with decreased soil water content for diurnals under spring conditions. Diurnal patterns of assimilation for a typical summer day with high leaf temperature and vapor gradient differend from those for a spring day. An afternoon decrease in assimilation was typical during a summer day. Daily carbon gain, water use, and water use efficiency for summer diurnals decreased only under severe drought conditions. Almost complete recovery of assimilation and conductance occurred if leaf microclimate was ameliorated during the afternoon of either spring or summer diurnals. Thus, conditions responsible for a midday depression in assimilation during a single day did not have persistent effects on leaf gas exchange. Daily carbon gain of a typical summer day was restricted by leaf microclimate during the afternoon, but daily water use efficiency was not relatively increased by the amelioration of leaf microclimate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378032
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil water exploitation after fire: competition between Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and two native species (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 83 (1990), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Soil water content ; Water use efficiency ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Stipa comata ; Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Causes for the widespread abundance of the alien grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) after fire in semiarid areas of western North America may include: (1) utilization of resources freed by the removal of fireintolerant plants; and (2) successful competition between B. tectorum and individual plants that survive fire. On a site in northwestern Nevada (USA), measurements of soil water content, plant water potential, aboveground biomass production, water use efficiency, and B. tectorum tiller density were used to determine if B. tectorum competes with either of two native species (Stipa comata and Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) or simply uses unclaimed resources. Soil water content around native species occurring with B. tectorum was significantly lower (P〈0.05) than around individuals without B. tectorum nearby. Native species had significantly more negative plant water potential when they occurred with B. tectorum. Aboveground biomass was significantly higher for native species without B. tectorum. However, the carbon isotope ratio of leaves for native species with B. tectorum was not significantly different from individuals without B. tectorum. Thus, B. tectorum competes with native species for soil water and negatively affects their wate status and productivity, but the competition for water does not affect water use efficiency of the native species. These adverse effects of B. tectorum competition on the productivity and water status of native species are also evident at 12 years after a fire. This competitive ability of B. tectorum greatly enhances its capability to exploit soil resources after fire and to enhance its status in the community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324626
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic lift among native plant species in the Mojave Desert (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 215 (1999), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: CAM and C3 plants ; hydraulic lift ; Mojave Desert shrubs and grasses ; root-soil contact ; soil texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hydraulic lift was investigated among native plants in the Mojave Desert using in situ thermocouple psychrometers. Night lighting and day shading experiments were used to verify the phenomenon. Hydraulic lift was detected for all species examined: five shrub species with different rooting depths and leaf phenologies and one perennial grass species. This study was the first to document hydraulic lift for a CAM species, Yucca schidigera. The pattern of diel flux in soil water potential for the CAM species was temporally opposite to that of C3 species: for the CAM plant, soil water potential increased in shallow soils during the day when the plant was not transpiring and decreased at night when transpiration began. Because CAM plants transport water to shallow soils during the day when surrounding C3 and C4 plants transpire, CAM species that hydraulically lift water may influence water relations of surrounding species to a greater extent than hydraulically lifting C3 or C4 species. A strong, negative relationship between the percent sand in the study site soils at the 0.35 m soil depth and the frequency that hydraulic lift was observed at that depth suggests that the occurrence of hydraulic lift is negatively influenced by coarse-textured soils, perhaps due to less root–soil contact in sandy soils relative to finer-textured soils. Differences in soil texture among study sites may explain, in part, differences in the frequency that hydraulic lift was detected among these species. Further investigations are needed to elucidate species versus soil texture effects on hydraulic lift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004729232466
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