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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum cystatin C reflects glomerular endotheliosis in normal, hypertensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To study the correlation between serum cystatin C levels and renal structural changes in normal, hypertensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancy to evaluate it as a marker of the degree of renal involvement in pre-eclampsia.Design An observational prospective study.Setting University Hospital of Lund, Sweden.Sample Thirty-six women with hypertensive disease in pregnancy and 12 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester recruited from maternal health care centres in the catchment area of the hospital.Methods Renal biopsy samples were obtained from all participants and the degree of endotheliosis as well as the mean glomerular volume was evaluated by light microscopy in silver methenamin-stained sections. Serum cystatin C levels were measured and correlated to the structural changes.Main outcome measures Correlation among degree of glomerular endotheliosis, glomerular volume andserum cystatin C.Results Serum cystatin C levels differed between the different degrees of endotheliosis, showing a highly significant increasing linear trend. They also correlated significantly with glomerular volume (r = 0.60, P 〈 0.001). Mean serum urate and creatinine levels also increased with the degree of endotheliosis, but not above the reference interval for normal term pregnancy, even in pre-eclamptic women.Conclusion Serum cystatin C may be used as a marker, not only for impaired renal function, but also for the degree of glomerular endotheliosis and increase in glomerular volume in pregnancy. It may be of value in the monitoring of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.02051.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implant placement in bone formed beyond the skeletal envelope by means of guided tissue regeneration: an experimental study in the rat (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the placement of implants in bone formed by means of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) beyond the skeletal envelope may influence bone volume and/or structure.Material and Methods: Rigid, hemispherical, Teflon capsules were placed with their open part facing the lateral surface of the ramus in both sides of the mandible in 18 rats. After 1 year, the capsules were removed by a re-entry operation, and a custom-made titanium implant was placed in the augmented ramus in only one side of the jaw. Six animals were sacrificed shortly after implant surgery, another six after 3 months, and the last six after 6 months. Histological specimens of the augmented sites including the implants were prepared, and the volumes of (1) the newly formed bone (mineralized bone and marrow) (2) the soft connective tissue, and (3) the implant, in the space originally created by the capsule were estimated by a point-counting technique. Additionally the height of the augmented bone was measured.Results: One year after capsule placement, the major portion of the space originally created by the capsules was filled with newly formed bone. In the test specimens, implant placement seemed to result in a denser arrangement of the augmented bone, but this event did not influence its long-term stability. Although some resorption occurred after 3 and 6 months, the vast portion of the generated bone remained stable over time in both tests and controls, and there were no differences between tests and controls at any observation periods.Conclusion: It is concluded that large amounts of bone can be formed beyond the skeletal envelope by means of GTR, and that this bone remains stable on a long-term basis both with and without the placement of titanium implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00756.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unbiased and efficient estimation of left ventricular volumes by three-dimensional echocardiography with coaxial sections. Validation with magnetic resonance imaging (2000)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 15 (2000), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Key words Three-dimensional echocardiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular volume ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of bias with coaxial three-dimensional echocardiography in an experimental animal setup and to establish the minimum number of sections needed for estimation of left ventricular (LV) volume. Epicardial coaxial echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure LV volume in 14 pigs, with chronic remodeled left ventricles induced by repeated intracoronary microembolizations. In addition, six animals underwent serial MRI at baseline, immediately after intracoronary microembolization, and after 119–165 days (mean 129 days). Coaxial echocardiography was performed by rotational acquisition of long-axis sections starting from an arbitrary angle. Planimetered MRI contours of LV endocardial borders were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the number of coaxial sections, and the precision of volume estimates. The mean ± 2SD of the differences between coaxial epicardial echocardiography with six sections and MRI were −2.5 ± 16.4 ml, 0.8 ± 13. 1 ml, and 2% ± 14% for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF), respectively. Numerical analysis conducted on MRI contours of LV endocardial borders showed that with six coaxial sections the average coeffi-cient of error was 〈1% for the EDV and ESV. Three-dimensional echocardiography with six coaxial sections provides unbiased LV volume estimation with minimal geometric error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007260
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple stereological procedure to estimate the number and dimensions of root hairs (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 209 (1999), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agropyron cristatum L. ; diameter ; disector ; length ; surface area ; systematic sampling ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We demonstrate a simple procedure for systematic, uniformly random sampling of a root system of known length to obtain practically unbiased estimates of the total number and dimensions of root hairs. Irrespective of the length of the root system, only 100 root hairs need to be counted to estimate the total number with sufficient precision. Numbers and dimensions of root hairs were estimated for five crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) root systems that had been grown for one month in a gel. Less than one hour was required to obtain estimates of root hair parameters for a single plant. There was low variability of spatial density of root hairs within a given branching order (CV 〈 15%); however, because of large variation in the total length of laterals, the total number of root hairs varied greatly (CV ∼70%). On average, root hairs provided half of the total surface area of a root system and a total length 20 times that of the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004500830178
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-destructive, stereological estimation of plant root lengths, branching pattern and diameter distribution (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 214 (1999), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agropyron cristatum L. ; growth curves ; total vertical projections ; unbiased stereology ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The total length of a linear structure contained in an unbounded, transparent reference space can be estimated from ‘total vertical projections’ obtained by rotating the linear structure about an arbitrary ‘vertical’ axis, and projecting the linear structure onto a plane parallel to the axis of rotation. The total number of intersections between cycloid arcs with their minor axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the projected linear structure then provides an unbiased estimator of the total length of the structure. In this study, a stereological procedure based on the method of ‘total vertical projections’ was used to non-destructively estimate total root length, number of branches, diameter distribution and mean root diameter of crested wheatgrass plants (Agropyron cristatum L.) growing in a transparent medium. Root lengths, diameters, and number of branching points of various orders were determined at 3-day intervals over a 4-week growing period. The length estimator was very robust and efficient with sampling coefficients of error usually less than 5% for a total of 50–150 grid intersection counts over two projection directions per plant. Biological coefficients of variance for total length were between 30–70%, and were largely related to variation in the extent of branching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004642820669
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant renin secretory granules in beige mouse renal afferent arterioles (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Kidney ; Renin ; Secretory granules ; Afferent arterioles ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; mutant beige (C57BL/6 bg) ; Mouse (NMRI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mutant beige mouse (C57BL/6 bg) has a disease characterised by abnormally enlarged cytoplasmic granules in a variety of cells. With the purpose of establishing a suitable cellular model for studying renin secretion, the present study was undertaken to compare renin granule morphology in beige mice with that of control (NMRI) mice. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific for renin revealed intense staining of the juxtaglomerular part of the afferent arterioles in both strains of mice. Plasma renin concentrations were higher in the controls than in the beige mice (4.4±0.6 vs 2.5±0.3 mGoldblatt units/ml). The total volume of renin granules per afferent arteriole was similar in the two mice strains (1114 μm3 in the controls and 1507 μm3 in the beige mice). The total number of renin granules per arteriole as assessed by stereological techniques was about 1900 in controls (average granular volume 0.681 μm3), whereas 1–2 large granules were present per cell in beige mice. The volume of afferent arteriole that contained secretory granules was lower in the beige mice. We conclude that the beige mouse synthesizes, stores and releases active renin. Renin secretory granules in beige mice are grossly enlarged with 1–2 granules per juxtaglomerular cell. Compared with control mice, a similar amount of total renin granule volume per afferent arteriole is contained in a smaller part of beige mouse afferent arteriole. Granular cells from beige mice could therefore be a valuable tool in the study of renin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050826
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