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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the value of autologous rosettes, a marker for a T lymphocyte subpopulation, in the diagnosis of T lymphocyte defects, we compared the ability of T cells from untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease to form autologous, total E and ‘active’ E rosettes. While the mean percentage of total E and ‘active’ E rosettes was significantly decreased in the patients compared to normal controls (0.01〈P〈0.02), no difference was observed for autologous rosettes (0.6〈P〈0.7). Only two patients showed decreased ‘active’ E rosettes whilst eight had decreased total E rosettes. Individual data in the patients showed a wide dispersion of autologous rosettes with both high and low percentages whatever the relative number of the two other T cell markers. No correlation was observed between any of the three types of rosettes in the patients whereas autologous rosettes were clearly correlated with total E (0.01〈P〈0.02) but not with ‘active’ rosettes in normal controls. Neither autologous nor ‘active’ rosettes could be correlated with skin test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary C 1821 is a purified glycoprotein extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 2 with immunomodulating properties in animals (in vivo and in vitro) and in humans (in vitro). The compound is devoid of any apparent toxicity when given orally. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of a short term oral administration of C 1821 on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to recall antigens in untreated cancer patients (mostly lymphomas). Consecutive patients were alternately allocated to receive C 1821 or placebo for 14 days. C 1821 restored and significanty (P〈0.02) enhanced skin reactions, as shown using the Multitest system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Human macrophages ; Interferon γ ; Adoptive immunotherapy ; Non-small-cell lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this phase I study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological activity of autologous blood-derived macrophages activated ex-vivo with recombinant human interferon γ (rhuIFNγ) [monokine-activated killer (MAK) cells] and administered intravenously to 11 lung cancer patients once a week for 6 consecutive weeks. Peripheral blood monocytes were collected by leukapheresis and then purified by counterflow elutriation. The MAK cells were generated by culturing the purified monocytes in Teflon bags for 7 days and adding rhuIFNγ to the cultured cells for the last 18 h. These MAK cells expressed differentiation-associated surface antigen MAX1, and were cytotoxic in vitro against tumour cell line U937. The MAK cells were infused at dose levels from 1 × 107 to 5 × 108 on an intrapatient dose-escalating schedule. No severe adverse side-effects occurred. Toxicity was mild to moderate [primarly fever (75%) and chills (32%)], non-dose-dependent, and non-cumulative. No consistent change in haemostatic function, or liver or renal function was observed. Dose-limiting toxicity was not reached at 5 × 108 cells (optimal dose reproduced for each patient). The maximum tolerated dose was not determined. The immunomodulatory activity of i.v. infused MAK cells was demonstrated both in vivo by significant increases in granulocyte count and neopterin level in the patients' peripheral blood postinfusion and in vitro by secretory products (IL-1. TNFα, neopterin, and thromboplastin-like substance) in the culture supernatants. The in vivo traffic patterns of autologous MAK cells labelled ex-vivo with111In oxine were studied in 7 patients. Gamma imaging showed an immediate but transient lung uptake (〈24 h), and a progressive uptake of radioactivity in the liver and spleen was seen from 6 h to 72 h post-infusion. Our results indicate that the preparation of high numbers of autologous, blood-derived MAK cells is a feasible procedure, and their transfusion is safe for patients. This immunotherapeutic approach seems to be encouraging from the point of view of establishing an adjuvant therapeutic modality in cancer patients with minimal residual disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: CD44v6 ; breast cancer ; patients N0M0 ; metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New isoforms of CD44 with alternatively spliced exons have recently been described. Expression of exon v6 seems to be of particular interest. It has indeed been associated with poorer outcome of breast cancer patients with node invasion at diagnosis. However, no data were available for patients N0M0 (with neither metastasis nor node invasion at diagnosis). Moreover, previous statistical analyses were realized using immunohistochemical methods to detect CD44v6 expression although several variants with exon v6 have been described. We investigated expression of isoforms containing CD44v6 using an RT-PCR approach and a panel of 25 normal breast specimens, 10 mammary fibroadenomas, 8 cystic samples and 52 primary breast tumors (38 invasive N0M0). Normal breasts, fibroadenomas, and cysts all express the same variant, A (with exon v6 only), while several transcripts are amplified in tumors. Expression of variants other than A correlates with acquisition of a malignant phenotype. Invasive cancers also express additional variants in comparison with in situ carcinomas. Metastasis capacities seem to be associated with transcription of variants other than A but also with no transcription of some of them, variants D (with exons v6 and v10) and L (with exons v6 to v10). Expression of variants D and L correlates with higher percentages of disease-free survival and better outcome. Expression of CD44 splice variants with exon v6, as detected by RT-PCR, might be a useful prognostic factor for breast cancer. However, since the series size is small, our results need to be confirmed by later studies on a larger number of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: breast carcinoma ; CD44 exon 6 ; metastasis ; prognostic factor ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy affecting approximately one woman in eight. Many attempts have been made to define markers which may have potential clinical applications in diagnosis as well as therapy. New isoforms of CD44 with alternative spliced exons have recently been described. We studied the expression of CD44 exon 6 using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR reaction on a panel of 25 normal breast specimens, 10 mammary fibroadenomas, eight cystic samples and 52 primary breast tumors. Significant correlation was found between CD44 exon 6 expression and the overall survival of the N-M-population,P = 0.032, (logrank test by Mantel's method). The same result was also observed for the disease-free survival,P = 0.000002 (logrank test by Mantel's method). CD44 exon 6 expression, as detected by our RT-PCR-based method, might be a useful prognostic indicator of metastasis in breast cancer. However, these preliminary results need to be confirmed by later retrospective and prospective studies on a larger number of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 376 (1977), S. 133-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Fat necrosis ; Microcirculation ; Ischemia ; Myelofibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied serially by light and electronmicroscopy the development of lesions of the adipose tissue of the bone marrow of the rabbit following intravenous injections of saponin. Two types of steatonecrotic lesions were seen: in the femur giant-cell granulomas surrounding necrotic fat cells and in the sternum, small foci of fat necrosis containing calcified deposits. In both cases the lesions were of ischemic origin and secondary to the destruction of the microcirculation of the bone marrow by saponin. These studies suggest that necrosis of the bone marrow fat cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis. They also suggest that adipose tissue responds differently to ischemia depending on topography. In hematopoietic marrow necrosis of fat cells is followed by calcium deposits, whereas in fatty marrow necrosis leads to resorptive giant cell reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung FÄlle von erworbener C¯1-Esterase-Inhibitor (C¯1-INH)-Defizienz sind im Zusammenhang mit Serum-Immunoglobulin-VerÄnderungen beschrieben worden. Wir konnten drei weitere Patienten mit einem solchen Inhibitormangel, die an einer lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung mit Serum-Immunoglobin-VerÄnderungen litten, untersuchen. Es handelte sich um zwei Frauen mit chronisch-lymphatischer LeukÄmie und 7 S-IgM-Immunoglobulinen im Serum und eine dritte Patientin mit Lymphosarkom, KÄlte-Urtikaria und monoklonale IgG1-KryoglobulinÄmie. Bei diesen drei Patienten wurde ein Ähnliches Komplementprofil wie bei früher beschriebenen Patienten mit erworbener Defizienz des C¯1-INH gefunden: Verminderung der gesamten Komplementkonzentration, der C1-, C4- und C2-Komponenten, normaler Wert der C3-, C5-, C6-, C7-Komponenten, und normale Funktion des “alternativen pathways”. Nur eine Patientin mit erheblicher Defizienz des C¯1-INH (weniger als 10% des Normalwertes) zeigte klinische Symptome des angio-neurotischen ödems. Eine starke antikomplementÄre SerumaktivitÄt wurde in allen drei FÄllen nachgewiesen und in vitro-Tests demonstrierten, da\ diese AktivitÄt gegen die C1-Komponente gerichtet war. Die C¯1-INH-Defizienz ist sehr wahrscheinlich die Konsequenz der hohen C1-Aktivierung, aber andere Ursachen für die Verminderung des C¯1-INH können nicht ausgeschlossen werden: erniedrigte Synthese oder direkte Aktion der 7S-IgM-Immunoglobuline gegen den Inhibitor. Die folgenden Befunde sprechen für eine erworbene Defizienz des C¯1-INH: Abwesenheit einer Familiengeschichte von angio-neurotischem ödem. Abwesenheit einer C¯1-INH-Defizienz bei den Kindern der Patienten. Die Absenkung des Wertes der C-1-Komponente zusÄtzlich einer Senkung der C4- und C2-Komponenten, wÄhrend im hereditÄren angio-neurotischen ödem die C1-Komponente normal bleibt. Die Entdeckung abnormaler Immunoglobuline im Serum und einer anti-komplementÄren AktivitÄt gegen die C1-Komponente bei einem Patienten, der an einer lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung leidet. Diese Beobachtungen betonen die Wichtigkeit der Studie des Komplementsystems bei Erkrankungen mit VerÄnderung der Serum-Immunoglobuline und zeigen auch, da\ die Beobachtung einer Senkung der gesamten Komplementkonzentration zu einer vollstÄndigeren Studie des Komplementsystems führen soll.
    Notes: Summary Some cases of acquired C¯1-inhibitor (C¯1-INH) deficiencies have been reported in patients with serum immunoglobulin abnormalities. We recently discovered three additional cases in patients with lymphoproliferative disease and abnormal serum immunoglobulins: two female patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and circulating 7S IgM, one female patient with lymphosarcoma, cold urticaria and a monoclonal IgG1-χ-kryoglobulin. The three patients had a complement profile similar to that seen in patients having an acquired deficiency of C¯1-INH: Low levels of total complement and of the early complement components (C1, C4, C2), normal levels of C3, C5, C6, C7 and normal function of the alternate pathway. Only one patient with a profound diminution of C¯1-INH showed symptoms of angio-oedema. Strong anticomplementary activity was present in the three sera and in vitro tests demonstrated a high capacity of the sera to activate C¯1. The C¯1-INH deficiency is most likely due to its interaction with activated C1. The following findings indicate an acquired C¯1-INH depletion: absence of angiooedema in the family, absence of C¯1-INH deficiency in the patient's children, the finding of extremely low levels of C1 in addition to low levels of C4 and C2, presence of an abnormal serum immunoglobulin and high serum anticomplementary activity directed toward C1 in a patient suffering from a lymphoproliferative disease. These observations stress the importance of the study of the complement system in affections involving immunoglobulin abnormalities and show that identification of a reduced level in haemolytical complement ought to lead to further investigations of the complement system.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The contact of flowing blood with an artificial surface leads to adsorption of plasma proteins, followed by platelet adhesion and aggregation and thrombus formation. This phenomenon is enhanced by turbulent flow at joints, bifurcations, and constrictions. In therapeutic plasmapheresis using an IBM blood cell separator, blockage of the extracorporeal circulation system by platelet-fibrin thrombi imposed a halt in treatment for manual clearance of the circuit for 66 in 149 cases (44%). Thus it was decided to passivate the surface of the extracorporeal circuit by filling the tubing with 4% human serum albumin 15-20 min before the treatment session and then displacing the albumin solution with the patient's blood without creating an air-liquid interface. After introduction of this technique, a blockage was observed for only 11 in 239 cases (5%). In vitro measurements of platelet accumulation on the internal surface of the circulation system were carried out using washed human platelets labeled with 111In-oxine in the presence of a 40% hematocrit. Preadsorption of the surface with albumin reduced platelet deposition to 4-5% that observed for an equivalent pretreatment with physiological saline.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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