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Neural coding of speech sound in the telencephalic auditory area of the mynah bird (1991)

Uno, Hiroyuki ; Ohno, Yumiko ; Yamada, Tsuneo ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 231-239

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Auditory cortex ; Neuronal selectivity ; Temporal coding ; Speech sound ; Bird

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The responses of neurons in field L in the auditory neostriatum of the mynah bird, Gracula religiosa, were recorded during presentation of intact or manipulated mimic voices. A typical mimic voice ‘konnichiwa’ elicited responses in most of the neurons. Neurons in the input layer (L2) of field L showed many peaks on peristimulus time histograms while those in other layers (L1 and L3) exhibited only one or two peaks. Several neurons in L1 and L3 responded only to the affricative consonant /t∫/ in the intact mimic voices. They did not respond to the affricative consonant in the isolated segment or to the one in the playbacked voice in reverse. Forty-five percent of the neurons (33/ 73) decreased in firing rates at the affricative consonant in the isolated segment compared with in the intact voice. Some of these neurons, in which neither the affricative consonant in the isolated segment nor bursts of noise alone elicited responses, exhibited clear phasic responses to /t∫/ in the case when bursts of noise with particular central frequencies preceded the affricative consonant. The responsiveness of these neurons appears to receive temporal facilitation. These results suggest that these neurons code the temporal relationship of speech sound.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215870

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Chemical release control: Sulfonate esters from perfume and herbicide alcohols and p-styrenesulfonyl chloride (1985)

Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi ; Haramoto, Yuichiro ; Misaka, Yukihiro ; [et al.]

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1517-1526

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ISSN: 0360-6376

Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: p-Styrenesulfonate esters of primary and secondary perfume alcohols and phenols, including citronellol, 1-menthol, borneol, β-phenethyl alcohol, eugenol, p-anisyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, and geraniol, and herbicide alcohols such as 2,4-dichloro- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-ethanols were synthesized using p-styrenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of bases such as pyridine, triethylamine, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium hydride. The hydrolytic behavior of sulfonate ester monomers and their copolymers with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone to liberate perfume and herbicide alcohols was structure-dependent, thereby affording chemical release control.

Additional Material: 2 Tab.