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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die-back of Pistia stratiotes on Volta Lake, Ghana (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 248 (1974), S. 452-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Die-back of Pistia stratiotes on the Volta lake, Ghana. In 2 yr of regular observations2, Pistia retreat resulted from disruption of Pistia mats by storms in the late dry season (February and March), following several months during which the plants, even in enclosed permanent plots, had ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/248452a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pruning intensities of three woody leguminous species grown in alley cropping with maize and cowpea on an alfisol (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 19-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Alley cropping ; biomass ; crop yield ; dry wood ; nitrogen yield ; pruning regimes ; woody species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field trials were carried out on an Oxic Paleustalf in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria withLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit,Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. andSesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. alley cropped with maize and cowpea. The three leguminous woody species were grown in hedgerows spaced at 2 m. Trials were carried out one year after establishment of the hedgerows using a split-plot design with four replications. TheLeucaena trial had twenty pruning combinations consisting of five pruning heights (25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 cm) and four pruning frequencies (monthly, bi-, tri- and six-monthly). TheGliricidia andSesbania hedgerows were subjected to nine pruning intensities consisting of three pruning heights (25, 50 and 100 cm) and three pruning intensities (monthly, tri- and six-monthly). For the three woody species, biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yield from the hedgerow prunings increased with decreasing pruning frequency and increasing pruning height. Biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yields were in the following orderLeucaena 〉Gliricidia 〉Sesbania. The various pruning intensities had no effect on survival ofLeucaena plants. Pruning frequency had a larger effect than pruning height on survival ofGliricidia andSesbania plants. With monthly pruning, about 25 percent of theGliricidia and all of theSesbania plants died within six months of repeated pruning. Even with lower pruning frequencySesbania plants showed lower survival rates thanGliricidia orLeucaena. The various pruning intensities of all the hedgerow species had more pronounced effects on the grain yield of the alley cropped cowpea than on maize grain yield. Higher maize and cowpea yields were obtained with increasing pruning frequency and decreasing pruning height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pruning intensities of three woody leguminous species grown in alley cropping with maize and cowpea on an alfisol (1988)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 6 (1988), S. 19-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Alley cropping ; biomass ; crop yield ; dry wood ; nitrogen yield ; pruning regimes ; woody species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field trials were carried out on an Oxic Paleustalf in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria withLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit,Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. andSesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. alley cropped with maize and cowpea. The three leguminous woody species were grown in hedgerows spaced at 2 m. Trials were carried out one year after establishment of the hedgerows using a split-plot design with four replications. TheLeucaena trial had twenty pruning combinations consisting of five pruning heights (25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 cm) and four pruning frequencies (monthly, bi-, tri- and six-monthly). TheGliricidia andSesbania hedgerows were subjected to nine pruning intensities consisting of three pruning heights (25, 50 and 100 cm) and three pruning intensities (monthly, tri- and six-monthly). For the three woody species, biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yield from the hedgerow prunings increased with decreasing pruning frequency and increasing pruning height. Biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yields were in the following orderLeucaena 〉Gliricidia 〉Sesbania. The various pruning intensities had no effect on survival ofLeucaena plants. Pruning frequency had a larger effect than pruning height on survival ofGliricidia andSesbania plants. With monthly pruning, about 25 percent of theGliricidia and all of theSesbania plants died within six months of repeated pruning. Even with lower pruning frequencySesbania plants showed lower survival rates thanGliricidia orLeucaena. The various pruning intensities of all the hedgerow species had more pronounced effects on the grain yield of the alley cropped cowpea than on maize grain yield. Higher maize and cowpea yields were obtained with increasing pruning frequency and decreasing pruning height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344743
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of coppiced teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) regrowth and roots on intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 3 (1985), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Trenching and shoot removal showed the relative influences of living roots and the canopy cast by teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) coppice regrowth on the growth and yield of interplanted maize (Zea mays L.). Teak and maize were planted at 1.8 × 1.8 m and 0.3 × 1.8 m spacing respectively. Competition for light started about four weeks after planting and caused etiolated height growth of maize. When combined with root competition it caused stunted growth. Shading also substantially reduced total dry matter production, grain yield, number of cobs per plant, average cob weight, and weight of grains per cob of maize (P〈0.01). Living teak roots alone did not have a significant effect (P〉0.05) on maize height growth, total dry matter production, grain yield, number of cobs per plant,average cob weight and weight of grains per cob. However, combined with shading, living roots of teak appreciably reduced total dry matter yield and average cob weight of maize (P〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055719
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit and Acioa barteri (Hook.f.) Engl. (1991)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 14 (1991), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; dry matter yield ; nutrient yield ; crop yield ; weed infestation ; woody hedgerows
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4 m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping. Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa. Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass, although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses. Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115737
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ectomycorrhizal and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of four leguminous woody seedlings (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ectomycorrhiza ; leguminous species ; phosphorus uptake ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings ofAcacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth.,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.,Gliricidia sepium (Jac.) Walp andLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. were inoculated with an ectomycorrhizal (Boletus suillus (l. ex. Fr.) or indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in a low P soil. The plants were subjected to unstressed (well-watered) and drought-stressed (water-stressed) conditions. InGliricidia andLeucaena, both mycorrhizal inoculations stimulated greater plant growth, P and N uptake compared to their non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants under both watering regimes. However, inAcacia andAlbizia, these parameters were only stimulated by either ectomycorrhiza (Acacia) or VA mycorrhiza (Albizia). Growth reduction occurred as a result of inoculation with the other type of mycorrhiza. This was attributed to competition for carbon betweenAcacia and VA mycorrhizas and parasitic association betweenAlbizia and ectomycorrhiza. Drought-stressed mycorrhizal and NMLeucaena, and drought-stressed mycorrhizalAcacia tolerated lower xylem pressure potentials and larger water losses than the drought-stressed mycorrhizal and NMAlbizia andGliricidia. These latter plants avoided drought by maintaining higher xylem pressure potentials and leaf relative water content (RWC). All the four leguminous plants were mycorrhizal dependent. The higher the mycorrhizal dependency (MD), the lower the drought tolerance expressed in terms of drought response index (DRI). The DRI may be a useful determinant of MD, as they are inversely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of liming and phosphorus application on performance ofLeucaena leucocephala in acid soils (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acidity ; Leucaena growth ; liming ; phosphorus ; Ultisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot experiments were conducted to assess the lime and phosphorus requirements ofLeucaena leucocephala (LAM.) De Wit grown on three acid soils (Ultisols) from southeastern Nigeria. Liming and phosphorus application significantly enhanced growth ofL. leucocephala. Ammakama soil showed best effect to phosphorus application, while acidity problems were more pronounced on Onne and Isienu soils. High lime rate (2000 ppm) reduced plant growth in Isienu soil probably due to nutrient imbalance. Potassium, manganese and zinc levels in the plants were reduced with increasing lime rates. On Onne and Isienu soils plant tops correlated better with total acidity and extractable Al+3 level than with soil pH-H2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143539
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