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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Escherichia coli isolates of serotype O6:K5 are the most common causative agents of cystitis and pyelonephritis in adults. To answer the question, as to whether strains of this particular serotype represent one special clonal group, out of a collection of 34 serotype O6:K5 isolates [Zingler et al. (1990) Zentralbl. Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 274:372–381] 15 strains were selected and analyzed in detail. The flagellar (H) antigen and the outer membrane protein (OMP) pattern were determined. Further serum resistance properties and the genetic presence and expression of other virulence factors, including hemolysin, aerobactin, P fimbriae, S/F1C fimbriae and type 1 fimbriae was evaluated. In addition the Xba-Imacrorestriction pattern of ten representative isolates was elaborated and the fimbrial (F) antigen type of the P fimbriae was determined, to obtain the complete O:K:H:F pattern. These analyses could clearly show that the O6:K5 isolates do not represent one clonal group. The XbaI-macrorestriction profiles were heterogeneous and marked differences in the hybridization patterns, using virulence-associated gene probes in Southern hybridization of long-range-separated genomic DNA, were observed among the strains. However, some of strains showed similarities in the genomic profiles, arguing for clonal groupings among the O6:K5 isolates. Interstingly the strains grouped together exhibited the same fimbrial F type that many indicate a coincidence of this phenotypic trait with clonality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 79 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The uropathogenic Escherichia coli wild-type strain 536 produces S-fimbriae, P-related fimbriae and type I fimbriae. Using immuno-colony dot and ELISA techniques, variants were detected showing an increased degree of S-fimbriae production. It was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy that in normal (wild-type) and hyper-S-fimbriated E. coli populations non-fimbriated cells also exist, and that the percentage of S-fimbriated and non-fimbriated bacteria was roughly identical in either population. Hyper-S-fimbriated variants could be stably maintained. The transition from wild-type to hyper-S-fimbriation, which occurs spontaneously, is markedly higher than vice versa. Siuthern blot analysis of the S fimbrial adhesin (sfa) determinants of normal and hyper-fimbriated strains revealed no marked difference in the gene structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from different sources were tested for their host range in the protists Acanthamoeba castellanii, Hartmannella vermiformis and Entamoeba histolytica. It has been shown that A. castellanii and H. vermiformis but not E. histolytica support the intracellular replication of L. pneumophila. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that in vivo virulence in the guinea pig and the intracellular growth in U937 cells coincides with the capability to replicate intracellularly in A. castellanii at 37°C. The infectivity of L. pneumophila that had sustained a 48 hours nutrient deprivation was not significantly different from that of legionellae grown to log-phase on BCYE plates. In contrast the nutrient limitation on A. castellanii increased the amount of intracellular legionellae at the beginning of infection. An initial opsonin independent attachement stage of legionellae to U937 cells was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, L. pneumophila's capability of stable or long term attachmennt to A. castellanii was shown to be inefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A hospital warm water system was monitored for the presence and distribution of legionellae. Subtyping of ten selected Legionella pneumophila isolates, originating from four different sites in the system by using serogroup specific antisera in an indirect immunofluorescence test, revealed that nine of the ten isolates belonged to serogroup 6, while the remaining one was serogroup 10. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for a subgroup of serogroup 6 strains were further used for characterization. None of the strains reacted with these mAbs. Genome analysis by elaborating NotI profiles using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique revealed that nearly all serogroup 6 isolates derived from different sites, including a new building connected by a ring pipe, were identical according to restriction fragment patterns. The patterns were distinguishable from those of the two L. pneumophila serogroup 6 reference strains, and from that of the L. pneumophila serogroup 10 isolate. These data argue for a relatively homogeneous L. pneumophila serogroup 6 population in the entire water system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 72 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various Legionella isolates from different sources and origins were analysed by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis of Not I cleaved genomic DNA. The genome of L. pneumophila Philadelphia I, the original isolate of the epidemics in 1976, exhibits only five Not I fragments. Two virulent derivatives, derived from L. pneumophila Philadelphia I, which were obtained by prolonged passage on artificial culture media, did not differ from their isogenic virulent strain according the Not I fragment pattern. By summing the lengths of the Not I fragments, the genome size of L. pneumophila Philadelphia I was calculated as approximately 3.9 Mb. Environmental L. pneumophila strains exhibited different Not I patterns, as did Legionella Strains not belonging to the species pneumophila. The usefulness of DNA long range mapping of Legionella ssp. with Not I for epidemiology and evaluation of their evolutionary relationships is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic determinant coding for the P-specific F8 fimbriae was cloned from the chromosome of the Escherichia coli wild-type strain 2980 (O18:K5:H5:F1C, F8). The F8 determinant was further subcloned into the PstI site of pBR322 and a restriction map was established. In a Southern hybridization experiment identity between the chromosomally encoded F8 determinant of 2980 and its cloned counterpart was demonstrated. The cloned F8 fimbriae and those of the wild type strain consist of a protein subunit of nearly 20 kDa. F8 fimbriated strains were agglutinated by an F8 polyclonal antiserum, caused mannose-resistant hemagglutination and attached to human uroepithelial cells. The cloned F8 determinant was well expressed in a variety of host strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 14 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen replicating in human macrophages during the course of infection of the lungs, infection by legionellae often leads to severe pneumonia, termed Legionnaires' disease. Genetic approaches to identify the factors responsible for L. pneumophila pathogenicity started with the construction of genomic libraries in Escherichia coli. Various L. pneumophila-specific genes were cloned in E. coli K-12 by identifaction using functional assays, antibody screening and hybridization ('reverse genetics'). By disrupting the genes via allelic exchange, mutants have been created to assess the influence of the factors on pathogenicity. Among the cloned genes, only for the gene product of the mip gene, encoding a 24-kDa surface-associated protein (macrophage infectivity potentiator) unequivocal evidence for its contribution to pathogenicity could be provided. Two hemolytic factors that have been cloned do not seem to play a role in L. pneumophila pathogenicity. Genetic systems for transposon mutagenesis of the L. pneumophila genome (Tn5, Tn903dlIlacZ, MudphoA), including TnphoA shuttle mutagenesis, have been established and specifically adapted to identify mutants which displayed an impaired capability to multiply inside macrophages and with a reduced in vivo virulence. Furthermore, by complementation of avirulent mutants, genetic loci could be identified which restored the virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 339-361 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleosides, XIV. Synthesis of 4-Amino-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropteridine-N-8-β-D-ribofuranoside - A Structural Analogue of AdenosineThe preparation of differently substituted 2- and 4-amino-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropteridine-N-8-β-D-ribofuranosides is described using a new variant of the „silyl method“ which involves the Lewis-acid catalysed fusion of 7-(trimethylsiloxy)pteridines 11 - 18 with 1- O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose. The reaction proceeds under steric control and leads to the β-ribosides 21 - 38, the presence of electron donating substituents in the 2-position of the pteridine ring favourably influencing a N-8 substitution. U. v., n. m. r. and c. d. spectroscopic data as well as pK-values were used to elucidate the structures of the new substances, which were isolated by chromatographic techniques.
    Notes: Zur Darstellung verschieden substituierter 2- und 4-Amino-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropteridin-N-8-β-D-ribofuranoside wird eine neue Variante der „Silyl-Methode“ beschrieben, die in der Lewis-Säure katalysierten Schmelzkondensation von 7-(Trimethylsiloxy)pteridinen 11 - 18 mit 1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose (20) besteht. Die Reaktion verläuft unter sterischer Kontrolle und führt zu β-Ribosiden 21 - 38, wobei die Anwesenheit von Elektronendonatorsubstituenten in 2-Stellung des Pteridinringes eine N-8-Substitution zusätzlich günstig beeinflußt. Zur Sicherstellung der Strukturen der nach chromatographischen Verfahren isolierten neuen Substanzen werden UV-, NMR- und CD-Spektren aufgenommen sowie pK-Werte bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleosides XXIII. - Ribosylation of 6-Substituted 2,4-Diamino-5-nitropyrimidines and Their Transformation into Pteridine RibosidesVarious 2,6-disubstituted 4-amino-5-nitropyrimidines 1, 2, 13, 14 have been ribosylated in a fusion reaction by 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose (3) in presence of ZnCl2 as a catalyst. Ribosylation takes place at the 4-amino group with exception of the 6-substituted 2,4-diamino-5-nitropyrimidines which preferentially react at the 2-substituent. 2,4-Bis-(ribosylamino)pyrimidines 21, 22 consisting of anomeric mixtures, are also formed. In the case of 22 separation into the four theoretically possible anomers 29 - 32 has been achieved by chromatographic methods. Catalytic reduction of the 6-substituted 4-amino-5-nitro-2-ribosylaminopyrimidines 15, 17, 18, 20 and subsequent condensation with ethyl glyoxalate lead to the first 4-substituted 2-ribosylamino-7(8H)-pteridinones 23 - 28. - The structures of the various compounds are proved by UV and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: 2,6-Disubstituierte 4-Amino-5-nitropyrimidine 1, 2, 13, 14 wurden durch Schmelzkondensation mit 1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose (3) in Gegenwart von ZnCl2 umgesetzt. Mit Ausnahme der 6-substituierten 2,4-Diamino-5-nitropyrimidine, bei denen bevorzugt der 2-Aminosubstituent angegriffen wird, tritt Ribosidierung an der 4-Aminogruppe ein. Daneben wurden 2,4-Bis(ribosylamino)pyrimidine 21, 22 als Anomerengemische erhalten. Im Falle von 22 ist die chromatographische Auftrennung in die vier theoretisch möglichen Anomeren 29 - 32 gelungen. Durch katalytische Reduktion von 6-substituierten 4-Amino-5-nitro-2-ribosylaminopyrimidinen 15, 17, 18, 20 und nachfolgende Kondensation mit Glyoxyl-säure-ethylester wurden erstmals 4-substituierte 2-Ribosylamino-7(8H)-pteridinone 23 - 28 dargestellt. - Die Strukturen der neuen Verbindungen wurden durch UV- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie gesichert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 83 (1971), S. 974-975 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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