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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuber borchii mycelial protoplasts isolation, characterization and functional delivery of liposome content, a new step towards truffles biotechnology (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The filametous ascomycete Tuber borchii is a plant-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal microrganism with an high value due to the production of hypogeous fruitbodies (truffles). The present work was undertaken to develop a procedure for the release of T. borchii viable protoplasts from Tuber mycelium, isolate ATTC 96540; several factors which affect the isolation, morphology and viability were examined and developed in order to improve applications of T. borchii protoplasts in morphological, biochemical and genetic investigations (protoplast fusion or transformation). Functional delivery of liposome content into T. borchii protoplasts has also been examined with a cytotoxic ribosome inactivator as saporin. T. borchii protoplasts incubation/fusion with saporin containing liposomes were made to demonstrate the absence of cell wall of 16 days cultured protoplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.10.003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Truffle thio-flavours reversibly inhibit truffle tyrosinase (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 220 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tyrosinase is an enzyme having two copper atoms at the reactive site occurring in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In animals tyrosinase is responsible for pigmentation, in plants for protection of injured tissues or, as in fungi, to harden cell walls. Some of us have previously shown that tyrosinase is involved in truffle development and differentiation. Here we present the purification, the molecular properties and the reversible inhibition of Tuber melanosporum tyrosinase by dimethyl-sulfide and bis[methylthio]methane, the main flavour compounds of black and whitish truffles. The MWr is 39 000. l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and l-tyrosine stain corresponding bands as expected for a true tyrosinase. Phenylthiourea, diethyldithiocarbamate and mimosine inhibit l-tyrosine and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00065-X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical, electrophoretic and immunohistochemical aspects of malate dehydrogenase in truffles (Ascomycotina) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 185 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37; L-malate-NAD+-oxidoreductase) activities of truffles of the genus Tuber (Tuber melanosporum Vittad., Tuber brumale Vittad., Tuber aestivum Vittad., Tuber magnatum Pico, Tuber rufum Pico) have been characterized with regard to the Km and Vmax values in the direct and reverse reactions. The isoelectrofocusing has revealed bands showing pI values ranging from pH 5.85 to 7.8. The MDH of T. melanosporum has been partially purified by hydroxyapatite treatment, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 columns. With the partially purified T. melanosporum MDH activity polyclonal anti-T. melanosporum MDH antibodies have been prepared and used to localize MDH in the mycorrhizae and ascocarps of T. melanosporum. These antibodies inhibit T. melanosporum MDH activity as well as that of T. magnatum but not that of rabbit liver; this supports the specificity of the MDH antibodies used to localize MDH in truffle tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09064.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tyrosinase inhibitors on Tuber borchii mycelium growth in vitro (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 180 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper reports the effect of the tyrosinase (monophenol o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) inhibitors diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), L-tropolone, kojic acid, phenylthiourea (PTU) and L-mimosine on the in vitro growth of Tuber borchii (a white truffle) mycelium. A significant inhibitory effect on mycelium growth was observed for DETC, PTU and L-tropolone (0% growth compared to control at 100 μg ml−1 DETC, PTU and L-tropolone and at 10 μg ml−1 DETC and L-tropolone). As a comparison the action of the same inhibitors was also tested on the growth and pigmentation of the mould Cladosporium sphaerospermum. In the presence of CuSO4 10−6 M T. borchii mycelium acquired pigmentation (as rounded aggregates compared to control revealed by SEM microscopy). Tyrosinase activity in the extract from T. borchii mycelium (18-day culture) was detected spectrophotometrically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08779.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ploidy and chromosomal number in Tuber aestivum (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 167 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chromosome number is generally considered to be the most accurate and direct measure of ploidy. In fungi, however, counting of chromosomes is difficult and inaccurate because of their small size. To date truffles have been characterized using molecular approaches (analysis of DNA and PCR-based techniques) in order to find out differences among species, but not by a cytogenetical approach. Although the small size of truffle chromosomes is of some hindrance for a cytogenetic study, in the present work Tuber aestivum chromosome counts were determined in metaphase configurations from haploid nuclei of ascospores by aceto-orcein staining. Nuclear chromosome number and topography were also evaluated by propidium iodide DNA staining using confocal microscopy. Tuber aestivum was found to possess a basic number of 5 or 6 chromosomes, medium length ≤0.95 μm. The karyology of ascospores during their developmental stages was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13214.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of inter- and intra-specific variability in the main species of Boletus edulis complex by ITS analysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 243 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Boletus edulis species complex includes ectomycorrhizal fungi producing edible mushrooms appreciated worldwide. However, species delineation is very difficult in these fungi, because it is based exclusively on a few, highly variable morphological features. As a consequence, a high number of taxa– including several varieties, subspecies and/or species sensu stricto– have been described in this species complex. In this paper we report on an extensive analysis of internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear rDNA region on a large sample of species of the B. edulis complex, mainly harvested in Italy, and representative of the European variability of this group. The molecular analysis allowed us to discriminate among and within B. edulis, B. aestivalis, B. pinophilus and B. aereus spp. and resolve their phylogenetic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.01.003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungi in ectomycorrhizal associations of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) in Central Italy (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ectomycorrhizas ; Abies alba ; Characterization ; Ecology ; Confocal microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Naturally occurring ectomycorrhizas of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) were studied in two stands, one natural and one artificial, situated in Central Italy. A total of 25 mycorrhizal types was classified, for eight of which the mycobiont was identified at the species level. Analysis of macroscopic and microscopic features and matching of field-collected carpophores with associated mycorrhizas led to the tentative identification of several other types encountered during this study, at least at the genus level. No significant differences were noticed between natural and artificial stands in the relative richness of mycorrhizal types found on A. alba, indicating the maturity of the artificial stand with regard to succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for visualization of mycorrhizal structures formed by Lactarius spp., without the need for specific staining with a fluorochrome, thanks to latex autofluorescence. This technique allowed observation of several structures in greater detail than with conventional light microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050200
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