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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulatory Effects of Somatostatin and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Human Intestinal Lymphocytes (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 594 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb40511.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Neuropeptide on Natural Killer Activity from Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Normal Subjects (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 594 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb40515.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rofecoxib and early relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: an open-label trial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The safety and efficacy of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease are under investigation.Aim : To assess, in a prospective, open-label trial, the efficacy and safety of rofecoxib (12.5 mg/day) in inflammatory bowel disease patients and controls.Methods : The inflammatory bowel disease group included 45 inactive patients (25 Crohn's disease; 20 ulcerative colitis) with associated arthralgia. The control group included 30 dyspeptic patients. The efficacy and safety of rofecoxib were assessed in inflammatory bowel disease patients and controls before and after treatment (range, 3 days to 3 months).Results : In inflammatory bowel disease, nine of the 45 patients (20%) required rofecoxib withdrawal due to gastrointestinal symptoms inducing clinical relapse, which subsided on drug discontinuation. The percentage of patients requiring rofecoxib discontinuation was comparable in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (20% vs. 20%), but was higher in inflammatory bowel disease patients than in controls (20% vs. 3%; P 〈 0.001). In inflammatory bowel disease, arthralgia relief was reported by 32 patients (71%): complete relief by eight patients (18%) and partial relief by 24 (53%). Thirteen patients (29%) reported no benefit. A comparable percentage of inflammatory bowel disease patients and controls reported arthralgia relief (71% vs. 70%).Conclusions : Rofecoxib appears to control arthralgia in almost two-thirds of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Side-effects requiring drug discontinuation are observed, however, in almost one-quarter of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01907.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aetiology of Crohn's disease is unknown and therefore no curative treatments are available for the disease. The natural history of Crohn's disease is characterized by recurrent flare-ups of symptoms. Several drug treatments are effective in inducing clinical remission. However, no drug treatments are available in order to prevent clinical relapses, although several drug regimens may delay clinical flare-ups. Crohn's disease treatment for maintaining clinical remission needs to be tailored in relation to specific characteristics of each patient. The frequency of clinical relapse indeed shows marked variations in subgroups of patients, as the likelyhood of relapse is higher in patients in clinical remission for less than 6 months. Treatment strategies for maintaining remission may therefore differ among inactive patients. In chronically active, steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory Crohn's disease patients immunomodulatory drugs (azathioprine 2–2.5 mg/kg by mouth, 6-mercaptopurine 1–1.5 mg/kg by mouth, or methotrexate 15–25 mg/i.m./week) should be added to oral mesalazine (2.4 g/day), while in long-term inactive Crohn's disease patients mesalazine alone may be effective in delaying relapse. Recently, treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab or CDP571) has shown efficacy in delaying relapse in responsive patients. One other issue which needs to be considered before selecting drug treatments for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease, is that Crohn's disease activity is currently assessed on the basis of standard clinical scores which may not appropriately reflect the biological activity of the disease. Clinical remission as defined by standardized scores may include heterogeneous subgroups of patients showing different endoscopic and histological activity or persistence of activated immunocompetent cells within the gut. Several sub-clinical markers of relapse have indeed been reported in quiescent Crohn's disease, although their usefulness in clinical practice in currently uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.17.s2.20.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the activity of Crohn's disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Crohn's disease is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the intestine of unknown aetiology. One of the main problems when treating patients with Crohn's disease, is the identification of patients undergoing early clinical relapse, for timely treatment and the possible prevention of complications. No sub-clinical markers are currently available that predict relapse during remission. Several parameters have been proposed for this purpose. Although none have proven useful, growing evidence suggests a possible benefit in the clinical management of Crohn's disease. Among these, we may identify: clinical behaviour, the characteristics of the host, clinical activity, markers of intestinal inflammation and markers of immune activation. In particular, the possible relationship between cytokine pattern and the clinical behaviour of Crohn's disease has been addressed. Overall, these observations suggest that mucosal immune activation is a feature of Crohn's disease, and may persist in the form of activated immunocompetent cells during remission. On the basis of this evidence, studies are currently investigating whether the down-regulation of immune activation markers is associated with clinical remission in Crohn's disease. It has been shown that higher mucosal levels of TNF-α and an increased state of activation of lamina propria mononuclear cells in patients with inactive Crohn's disease, are significantly associated with an earlier clinical relapse of the disease. These observations suggest that a persistent local immune activation during remission may represent a marker of early clinical relapse of Crohn's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s4.18.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; Asacol) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Methods: A multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence in 110 patients operated on for Crohn's disease by first intestinal resection. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 2.4 g/day of mesalazine, or no treatment at all. The protocol included colonoscopy with ileoscopy at 6 months and yearly thereafter. Recurrence was denned on the basis of endoscopic criteria and classified as mild or severe. Results: The demographic and pre-trial characteristics were very similar in the two groups of patients. The cumulative proportion of recurrence at 6, 12 and 24 months was significantly lower in the mesalazine group than in untreated group (P= 0.002). At 24 months the cumulative proportions of endoscopic recurrence were 0.52 + 0.12 (± S.E.M.) and 0.85 (±0.07), respectively. At the same time the cumulative proportions of symptomatic recurrence were 0.18 + 0.09 and 0.41 + 0.09 (P= 0.006). The cumulative proportions of the severe recurrence was also significantly lower in the mesalazine group (0.17±0.09 vs. 0.38±0.09; P= 0.021). Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study show that administration of oral mesalazine soon after surgery is effective in preventing post-operative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn's disease over a 2-year period. It is estimated that this treatment prevents 39% of all recurrences and 55% of the severe recurrences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00158.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-oesophageal distribution and perception of acid reflux in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The majority of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease do not present with erosive oesophagitis and make up a heterogeneous group. Patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are less responsive than patients with oesophagitis to acid-suppressive therapy.Aim: To assess the role of acid reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms.Methods: The spatio-temporal characteristics of reflux events were analysed and related to reflux perception in 45 patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and 20 patients with erosive oesophagitis.Results: Compared with healthy controls, all patients showed a higher intra-oesophageal proximal spread of acid, which was prominent in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (〉 50% of events lasting for 1–2 min). Irrespective of mucosal injury, the risk of reflux perception was very high when acid reached proximal sensors (odds ratio, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.6–12.5), being maximal in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with normal acid exposure time (odds ratio, 11; 95% confidence interval, 5.2–22.3).Conclusions: Patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are characterized by a significantly higher proportion of proximal acid refluxes and a higher sensitivity to short-lasting refluxes when compared with patients with oesophagitis. The highest proximal acid exposure and highest perception occurred in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting with a normal pH-metric profile. The assessment of acid distribution and its perception in the oesophageal body can better identify reflux patients who should benefit from acid-suppressive treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01702.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral Inhibition of Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Crohn's Disease (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In patients with Crohn's disease (CD) we investigated the C3 conversion of zymosan-activated scrum (ZAS) and looked for the occurrence of chemotactic factor inactivation (CFI). We also studied the cell-directed inhibitory effect (CDI) of the CD patients' plasma and, in the same group, complement activation and complement-mediated deactivation. The mean value of ZAS C3 conversion in CD was no different from that of healthy controls, but in steroid-treated patients it was lower than in untreated CD. CFI occurred in 1 of the 23 CD sera tested, and CDI was observed in 6 out of the 22 patients tested. EDTA C3 conversion was present in 12 patients, and complement-mediated deactivation was associated with high values of EDTA C3 conversion. Our findings indicate that complement dysfunction and inhihitory factors of neutrophil chemotaxis are present in CD. These findings could explain the defective neutrophil migration into skin windows. Whether they are relevant to the pathogenesis of tissue injury or of infectious complications and are specific for CD, however, remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01921.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotypic analysis of specific antibody response in serum, saliva, gastric and rectal homogenates of Helicobacter pylori-infected patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 10 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between systemic and local humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori is poorly understood. To further address this issue we measured, using ELISA, H. pylori-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum, saliva, gastric and rectal homogenates of H. pylori-infected patients. A total of 107 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy and/or sigmoidoscopy were studied. The isotypic pattern of H. pylori-specific antibodies appeared to differ at the serum, salivary, gastric and rectal mucosa level. Serum H. pylori IgG titers were higher than those of the serum-specific IgA. On the contrary, in saliva samples. H. pylori IgA titers were higher than specific IgG titers. In gastric homogenates, specific IgG and IgA titers were similar. H. pylori-specific IgG were detectable in rectal homogenates but no or very low H. pylori-specific IgA were found in the same material. Furthermore, no difference was found in H. pylori IgG and IgA in serum, saliva and gastric homogenates between duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. Data of the present study indicate that, in H. pylori-infected patients, the specific immune response is as follows: (1) it involves the secretory immune system; (2) it is paralleled by the specific salivary IgA; (3) it does not differentiate duodenal ulcer from non-ulcer dyspepsia patients; and (4) it does not take place in the large bowel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00045.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivary specific IgG is a sensitive indicator of the humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 10 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In humans, salivary antibodies are secreted during humoral immune response. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with systemic humoral immune response reflected by raised serum levels of specific IgG. The present study was aimed at exploring whether salivary concentrations of specific H. pylori IgG are a reliable indicator of H. pylori infection. Serum and salivary samples were obtained from 291 subjects attending the GI clinic and tested for H. pylori-specific IgG by a direct ELISA (94% sensitivity, 95% specificity for serum determinations) using a crude H. pylori sonicate as antigen. Data are given as optical density (mean±S.D.). Levels of salivary H. pylori IgG paralleled those of circulating specific IgG in the 291 subjects studied (0.981±0.431 vs. 0.777±0.682, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between specific H. pylori IgG in sera and saliva samples (r = 0.981, P 〈 0.0001). An overall concordance between circulating and salivary H. pylori IgG was observed in 238 out of the 291 (81.7%) subjects. Salivary H. pylori IgG represent a sensitive marker of specific humoral immune response and they may substitute circulating H. pylori IgG measurement when sera samples are not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00044.x
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