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Malignant melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of three cases (2005)

Eyden, B ; Pandit, D ; Banerjee, S S

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Histopathology 47 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2559

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Aim : To document the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of three malignant melanomas showing neuroendocrine differentiation.Methods and results : Three patients, two with primary cutaneous melanoma and one with nasal mucosal melanoma, subsequently developing or simultaneously presenting with metastatic malignant melanoma, were studied by conventional histological technique, immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-wax embedded tissues, and electron microscopy of epoxy-resin-embedded tumour tissue. Tumours showed either small cell or conventional malignant melanoma cell morphology. One of the three primary melanocytic lesions (the nasal melanoma) exhibited neuroendocrine differentiation immunohistochemically. All three metastatic malignant melanomas showed, in varying combinations, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence for neuroendocrine differentiation: they were positive for the melanocytic markers, S100 protein, HMB-45, Melan-A and tyrosinase, and the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin, synaptophysin and neurofilament protein. Ultrastructural study in two of the metastases revealed neuroendocrine granules but no lattice-bearing melanosomes.Conclusions : The cases described are the most comprehensively investigated malignant melanomas showing neuroendocrine differentiation to date, and the first to document neuroendocrine differentiation ultrastructurally in these tumours. Malignant melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation therefore needs to be recognized among the other, better known variants of malignant melanoma.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02240.x

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Optimization of design of on-farm channel network in an irrigation area (1991)

Paudyal, G. N. ; Pandit, D. S ; Goto, A.

Springer

Irrigation and drainage systems 5 (1991), S. 383-395

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ISSN: 1573-0654

Keywords: on-farm channel ; optimization ; network ; rotational water distribution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Lack of suitable technical criteria to find out the optimal design of on-farm channels leads to poor efficiencies of many irrigation schemes. It is desirable to design a channel network which is economical and the seepage loss is minimum. In this paper three network models viz. Minimal Spanning Tree, Shortest Path and out-of-kilter algorithms are used to find an optimal layout. In addition to the continuous supply, the results of the models are checked for their usefulness in a rotational irrigation system. All the three models were applied to three different areas of the Mae Klong Irrigation Project, in Thailand.