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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectricity of lanthanum-modified lead titanate thin films obtained by a diol-based sol-gel method (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55; 77.55; 81.15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Lanthanum-modified lead titanate thin films have been prepared by a diol-based sol-gel method from precursor solutions with a growing excess of PbO. The films were crystallized with thermal treatments at 650 °C and heating rates of 10 °C  min-1 and higher than 500 °C min-1 by direct insertion in a pre-heated furnace. The structure, microstructure, and composition of the films were studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, electron microscopies, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A 20 mole % excess of PbO must be included in the precursor solution in order to compensate PbO volatilization occurring during the thermal treatment and, thus, obtain single-phase perovskite-type structure films. Non-textured porous films were obtained when a 10 °C min-1 rate is used, whereas [001]/[100] oriented films without porosity were obtained when rapid heating was used. Dielectric permittivity, ac current density, hysteresis loops, and switching curves were measured in the films. Values of remanent polarization and coercive field are comparable to those reported for similar films. The effects on the ferroelectric properties of an electrical and a post-crystallization thermal treatments were characterised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050945
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of functional properties on processing in sol-gel (Pb,La)TiO3 thin films (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 77.80; 77.70; 77.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Pb0.88La0.08TiO3 films were processed on Si-based substrates by a diol-based sol-gel route from solutions with variable content of PbO excess. Crystallisation was performed at heating rates of 10 °C min-1 and higher than 500 °C min-1 (rapid heating). The pyroelectric coefficient was measured after poling the samples by two methods: applying a sinusoidal wave and applying a train of square pulses, with the latter showing a higher poling efficiency. The piezoelectric d33 coefficient was determined by double-beam interferometry. Strain vs. field measurements provided evidence of 90° domain orientation in these films. Those crystallised at 10 °C min-1 showed the highest functional properties (γ=1.7×10-2 μC cm-2 K-1 and d33=57 pm V-1). This is a consequence of the higher stability of the 90° domains oriented during poling, caused by the lower tensile stress arising during preparation. The voltage responsivity of these films also benefited from the lower permittivity arising from their higher porosity. These films are good candidates for applications in infrared detectors and microelectromechanical devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050053
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iterative Method in the Characterization of Piezoceramics of Industrial Interest (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 45 (Oct. 2006), p. 2448-2458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Although characterization of piezoceramics from resonance is a customary technique, theworks dealing with the determination of the ten elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients thatare needed in the full matrix characterization of such 6mm symmetry materials are rather scarce.Even more, if the complex characterization is foreseen, thus accounting with the three types oflosses, few are the methods avaliable to obtain the material linear coefficients. This work deals withsuch complex characterization by the use of Alemany et al. automatic iterative method. Thismethod has been applied to the four modes of resonance that are sufficient for the purpose: (1) thelength extensional mode of long rods, length poled, (2) the thickness extensional mode and (3) theradial mode of a thin disk, thickness poled, and (4) the thickness shear mode of a thin plate. Recentwork of the authors has shown the limits in characterizing materials that arise from the use of theStandard shear geometry and, therefore, and alternative geometry is used here.This work presents the matrix characterization of some piezoceramics and the Finite ElementAnalysis (FEA) simulation based on such characterization, of the samples used as a reliabilitycriteria of the results obtained by comparison of the experimental and simulated values at resonanceof the electrical parameters
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/42/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAST.45.2448.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (h, ø)-information measure as a criterion of comparison of experiments in a Bayesian context (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 25 (1996), S. 40-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents (h, ø)-entropies as a generalization of ø-entropies. Studies some applications of this function in Bayesian inference, especially in the comparison of experiments. Also studies the relationship of the (h,ø)-entropy criterion to the classical approaches of Blackwell (1951) and Lehmann (1959).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929610114637
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic approximations for the distributions of the (h, f)-divergence goodness-of-fit statistics: application to Renyi's statistic (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 26 (1997), S. 442-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Read (1984) presented an asymptotic expansion for the distribution function of the power divergence statistics whose speed of convergence is dependent on the parameter of the family. Generalizes that result by considering the family of (h, f)-divergence measures. Considers two other closer approximations to the exact distribution. Compares these three approximations for the Renyi's statistic in small samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929710176449
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized Jensen difference divergence measures and Fisher measure of information (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 24 (1995), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Fisher's amount of information is the most parametric measure in the literature of statistics. However, not for every family of probability density functions do the well-known regularity assumptions hold. To avoid this problem, several parametric measures have been proposed on the basis of divergence measures. In this work, parametric measures of information are obtained on the basis of the generalized Jensen difference divergence measures. When the regularity assumptions hold, their relations with Fisher's amount of information are also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929510083066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic behaviour and statistical applications of weighted () - divergences (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 33 (2004), S. 1518-1534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Weighted (h,?) - divergence statistics are obtained by either replacing both distributions involved in the argument by their nonparametric estimators or replacing one distribution and considering the other as given. Asymptotic properties of weighted (h,?) - divergence statistics are obtained and some tests constructed on the basis of these results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920410556106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHANGES IN HEPATIC CYTOSOLIC GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE ENZYMES INDUCED BY CLOTRIMAZOLE TREATMENT IN RATS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The influence of the antifungal agent clotrimazole on cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activities was studied in male Wistar rats.2. Animals received clotrimazole by gastric lavage for 3 days (75 mg/kg per day). Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity was determined with five different substrates: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), p-nitrobenzyl chloride (PNBC), ethacrynic acid (EA) and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (TPBO).3. The largest increases in glutathione S-transferase activity were found with CDNB, DCNB and PNBC (+ 61%, + 50% and + 50%, respectively, when expressed per mg of cytosolic protein). Enzyme activity toward EA was induced to a lower extent (+ 33%). Changes in the formation of the conjugate of TPBO were relatively small (+22%).4. These data indicate a differential induction of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes and suggest that clotrimazole is a phenobarbital-type inducer of enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01526.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical treatment of ferroelectric composites using Monte Carlo calculations (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5092-5097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of ferroelectric composites made from lead zirconate titauate (PZT) ceramic particles and an epoxy resin as matrix have allowed one to establish the constitutional parameters of the composite that characterize the pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of these materials. The concept of the degree of heterogeneity is introduced to complete the description of these composites, which do not present a defined connectivity. A model is proposed based on consideration of the randomness of the particle distribution in the matrix by using the Monte Carlo method in the calculation of the active volumetric fraction of ceramic. An equivalent circuit of the composites is used to describe their dielectric properties. The model allows one to estimate the effect of the degree of heterogeneity on the properties of the composite. The results of the calculations compare well with the experimental values. Thus the model opens possibilities for the prediction of the properties and design of two-phase ferroelectric composites made from a randomly disperse phase in a matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effect in the Diels-Alder reaction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Structure 93 (1983), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2860
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(83)90405-2
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