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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 85 (1973), S. 19-29 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Theoretical Biology 100 (1983), S. 485-509 
    ISSN: 0022-5193
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Theoretical Biology 108 (1984), S. 539-564 
    ISSN: 0022-5193
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 8 (1975), S. 365-368 
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 1 (1987), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper argues that the conventional methodology of software engineering is inappropriate to AI, but that the failure of many in AI to see this is producing a Kuhnian paradigm ‘crisis’. The key point is that classic software engineering methodology (which we call SPIV: Specify-Prove-Implement-Verify) requires that the problem be capable of being circumscribed or surveyed in a way that it is not, for areas of AI, like natural language processing. In addition, it also requires that a program be open to formal proof of correctness. We contrast this methodology with a weaker form complete Specification And Testability (SAT — where the last term is used in a strong sense: every execution of the program gives decidably correct/incorrect results) which captures both the essence of SPIV and the key assumptions in practical software engineering. We argue that failure to recognize the inability to apply the SAT methodology to areas of AI has prevented development of a disciplined methodology (which is unique to AI and which we call RUDE: Run-Understand-Debug-Edit) that will accommodate the peculiarities of AI and also yield robust, reliable, comprehensible, and hence maintainable AI software.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 2 (1988), S. 79-101 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract At a symbolic level cognition can be modelled as a production system where meaning units are represented as condition-action rules. Anderson (1982, 1987) provides a good example of how learning can occur with this type of knowledge representation. At a subsymbolic level cognition can be modelled with a connectionist network where meaning units are represented as patterns of parallel distributed activity. The work of the McClelland and Rumelhart (1986) group is a prototype of this approach. We elaborate on these two approaches to learning and contrast the symbolic search space paradigm with the connectionist paradigm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 9 (2000), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords:Clamping; Feature salience ranking; Input impact; Neural networks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: For a variety of reasons, the relative impacts of neural-net inputs on the output of a network’s computation is valuable information to obtain. In particular, it is desirable to identify the significant features, or inputs, of a data-defined problem before the data is sufficiently preprocessed to enable high performance neural-net training. We have defined and tested a technique for assessing such input impacts, which will be compared with a method described in a paper published earlier in this journal. The new approach, known as the ‘clamping’ technique, offers efficient impact assessment of the input features of the problem. Results of the clamping technique prove to be robust under a variety of different network configurations. Differences in architecture, training parameter values and subsets of the data all deliver much the same impact rankings, which supports the notion that the technique ranks an inherent property of the available data rather than a property of any particular feedforward neural network. The success, stability and efficiency of the clamping technique are shown to hold for a number of different real-world problems. In addition, we subject the previously published technique, which we will call the ‘weight product’ technique, to the same tests in order to provide directly comparable information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 4 (1996), S. 114-128 
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Schlagwort(e): Multilayer perceptrons ; Backpropagation ; Radial basis function networks ; Generalisation ; Multiversion systems ; Software reliability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Littlewood and Miller [4] present a statistical framework for dealing with coincident failures in multiversion software systems. They develop a theoretical model that holds the promise of high system reliability through the use of multiple, diverse sets of alternative versions. In this paper, we adapt their framework to investigate the feasibility of exploiting the diversity observable in multiple populations of neural networks developed using diverse methodologies. We evaluate the generalisation improvements achieved by a range of methodologically diverse network generation processes. We attempt to order the constituent methodological features with respect to their potential for use in the engineering of useful diversity. We also define and explore the use of relative measures of the diversity between version sets as a guide to the potential for exploiting interset diversity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 1 (1986), S. 27-41 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) software is a reality, but only for limited classes of problems. In general, AI problems are significantly different from those of conventional software engineering. The differences suggest a different program development methodology for AI problems: one that does not readily yield programs with the desiderata of practical software (reliability, robustness, etc.). In addition, the problem of machine learning must be solved (to some degree) before the full potential of AI can be realized, but the resultant self-adaptive software is likely to further aggravate the software crisis. Realization of the full potential of AI in practical software awaits some prerequisite breakthroughs in both basic AI problems and an appropriate AI software development methodology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 5 (1967), S. 625-628 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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