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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in microbial biomass in soils cropped with palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii L.) and Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.) in subtropical India (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass C ; Biomass N ; Biomass P ; Seasonal changes ; Palmarosa ; Mentha arvensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Changes in microbial C, N, and P were investigated for 1 year in two soils with similar physicochemical properties but supporting different crops under subtropical conditions. One was cropped with palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii L.) and the other with Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Both the season and the type of cropping had a significant influence on changes in the soil microbial biomass. In general, soil microbial biomass C, N, and P were highest in summer months and lowest in midwinter. Soil microbial biomass levels and microbial C:N and C:P ratios were higher and N:P ratios lower under palmarosa soil than under mint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336158
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    15N studies on the transfer of legume-fixed nitrogen to associated cereals in intercropping systems (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cereal-legume intercropping ; N fixation ; Transfer of legume N ; Rhizobium inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An attempt has been made to estimate quantitatively the amount of N fixed by legume and transferred to the cereal in association in intercropping systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) —cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L.) by labelling soil and fertilizer nitrogen with 15N. The intercropped legumes have been found to fix significantly higher amounts of N as compared with legumes in sole cropping if the intercropped cereal-legume received the same dose of fertilizer N as the sole cereal crop. But when half of the dose of the fertilizer N applied to sole cereal crop was received by intercropped plants, the amount of N fixed by legumes in association with cereals was significantly less than that fixed by sole legumes. Under field conditions 28% of the total N uptake by maize (21.2 kg N ha−1) was of atmospheric origin and was obtained by transfer of fixed N by cowpea grown in association with maize. Under greenhouse conditions gram and summer and monsoon season cowpea have been found to contribute 14%–20%, 16% and 32% of the total N uptake by associated wheat and summer and monsoon maize crops, respectively. Inoculation of cowpea seeds with Rhizobium increased both the amount of N fixed by cowpea and transferred to maize in intercropping system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257596
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual value of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to a maize-cowpea intercropping system (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Maize-cowpea intercropping ; Residual fertilizer N ; Nitrogen-15 ; Nitrogen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the residual effect of 15N-labelled fertilizer N, applied to a maize-cowpea intercropping system, on the succeeding crops of maize/wheat and its balance in the crop sequence, in greenhouse and field experiments. The N uptake by succeeding crops was always higher following sole or intercropped cowpea. Under field conditions with fertilizer N applied to first-crop maize, the residual N uptake by the succeeding crop of wheat was 5.8% and after maize-cowpea intercropping it was 7.8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forms of fertilizer nitrogen residues in soil after intercropping of maize-cowpea (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cereal-legume intercropping ; Residual fertilizer N ; Crop residues ; Nitrogen-15 ; Organic N fractions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Under greenhouse and field conditions, after the harvest of maize-cowpea intercropping, soils were analysed for total, ammonium and organic N fractions and fertilizer 15N residues. Growing cowpea as the sole crop or in intercropping with maize results in increased relative amounts of the acid hydrolysable organic N fractions in soil. After sole cropping of maize 70% of the residual fertilizer N was found in the acid hydrolysable fraction while after intercropping it was 80%–92%. The fertilizer and soil N labelling with 15N in identical but alternate series provided information on the nitrogen fixed by cowpea and left in the soil as crop residues. Under field conditions the cowpea plant residues left after cropping contained 170 kg N ha−1 in sole cropping and 105 kg N ha−1 in intercropping with maize. The N assimilated by cowpea-Rhizobium symbiosis was mainly present in the acid hydrolysable forms, particularly in the α-amino N fraction and ammonium N fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256990
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrification inhibitors on herb and essential oil yield of Japanese mint on sandy soil (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 44 (1995), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: dicyandiamide nitrification inhibitors ; pyrethrum ; Mentha arvensis L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium) flowers have been observed to have insecticidal properties and could be used as an indigenous nitrification inhibitor for increasing N-use efficiency. A field experiment was conducted at the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India during 1988 and 1989 to evaluate the relative performance of pyrethrum flower waste and Dicyandiamide (DCD) as nitrification inhibitors applied with prilled urea (PU) to Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). The results revealed that application of the nitrification inhibitors with prilled urea significantly increased the herb and essential oil yield of the crop compared to that of prilled urea alone. Addition of Dicyandiamide and pyrethrum flower waste gave 30 and 23% more herb yield than prilled urea alone, the corresponding increase in oil yield being 27 and 22%, respectively. Application of nitrogen at 200 kg ha−1 in dicayndiamide or pyrethrum flower waste treated soil significantly enhanced the herb and essential oil yields and N-uptake by the crop to more than that for 300 kg N ha−1 with prilled urea. Both the materials improved the N use efficiency by one and half time as compared to that with PU at 100 kg N ha−1. The results indicate pyrethrum flower dust can be effectively used as a potential nitrification inhibitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750688
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of straw mulching on fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency, moisture conservation and herb and essential oil yield in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Citronella waste ; Paddy straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a field study, the influence of organic mulches viz. paddy straw and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) distillation waste on herb and essential oil yield and fertilizer N use efficiency in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.) were examined for two years. Herb yield (dry weight) increased by 17 and 31% with paddy straw and citronella distillation waste, respectively over the use of no mulch. Essential oil yield also significantly increased due to mulching. A significant response to N was observed with 200 kg N ha−1 in unmulched plots as against 150 kg N ha−1 in mulched plots. Mulched soils have been observed to contain 2 to 4% higher moisture as compared to unmulched soils. Nitrogen uptake by plants increased by 18 and 25% over no mulch with using paddy straw and citronella distillation waste, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of Fertilizer15N applied as urea and ammonium sulphate in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) grown under greenhouse conditions (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Opium poppy ; 15N balance ; NH3 losses ; 15N labelled urea and ammonium sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory incubation and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the comparative effectiveness of urea and ammonium sulphate in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) using15N dilution techniques. Fertilizer treatments were control (no N), 600 mg N pot−1 and 1200 mg N pot−1 (12 kg oven dry soil) applied as aqueous solution of urea or ammonium sulphate. Fertilizer rates, under laboratory incubation study were similar to that under greenhouse conditions. A fertilizer15N balance sheet reveals that N recovery by plants was 28–39% with urea and 35–45% with ammonium sulphate. Total recovery of15N in soil-plant system was 77–82% in urea. The corresponding estimates for ammonium sulphate were 89–91%. Consequently the unaccounted fertilizer N was higher under urea (18–23%) as compared to that in ammonium sulphate (9–11%). The soil pH increased from 8.2 to 9.4 with urea whereas in ammonium sulphate treated soil pH decreased to 7.3 during 30 days after fertilizer application. The rate of NH3 volatilization, measured under laboratory conditions, was higher with urea as compared to the same level of ammonium sulphate. The changes in pH of soil followed the identical trend both under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050370
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of manganese with iron and zinc with respect to latex yield and composition in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum Linn) under two fertility conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; fertility ; iron ; manganese ; Papaver sominferum L. ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two different field experiments were conducted for two years during 1985–86 and 1986–87 to study the relationship of Mn (0, 15 and 30 kg ha−1) with Fe (0, 15 and 30 kg ha−1) and Zn (0, 10 and 20 kg ha−1) under two fertility (NPK) conditions on yield and quality of opium poppy. The main effect of these micronutrients with respect to latex yield was highest at 15 kg ha−1 of Mn or Fe and 10 kg ha−1 Zn. Increasing the level beyond that resulted in reduction in latex yield. Highest response was observed when 15 kg ha−1 Mn was applied with either 15 kg ha−1 Fe or 10 kg ha−1 Zn. Morphine, codeine, narcotine and thebaine content of the latex was highest with 15 kg Mn, 15 kg Fe or 10 kg ha−1 Zn or the combined application of 15 kg Mn with 15 kg Fe or 10 kg Zn ha−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749960
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