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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some kinetic aspects and modelling of biotransformation of D-glucose to keto-D-gluconates (1995)
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 13 (1995), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The bacterial oxidation of D-glucose to D-gluconic and keto-D-gluconic acids has been studied. Different approaches to pH-control have been checked. It is demonstrated, that the microbial growth is independent on pH-control. However, the rate of keto-gluconate production is too sensitive to the strategy of pH-maintenance and particularly to the neutralizing agent. The general opinion for the essential importance of addition of calcium ions for keto-gluconate formation is confirmed. The interpretation of the obtained experimental data by means of a simple mathematical model shows that the apparent lag-phase in keto-gluconate production is probably due to the necessity of accumulation of biomass as a biocatalyst and gluconic acids as a substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369561
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solution
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biotechnology 32 (1994), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1656
    Keywords: Extraction ; Lactic acid ; Organic acid ; Purification ; Removal ; [abr] *; equilibrium conditions ; [abr] E; stripping efficiency (%). Subscripts: 0, initial value ; [abr] F; feed aqueous phase ; [abr] HL; lactic acid ; [abr] HR; extractant ; [abr] K"H"L; acid dissociation constant (mol dm^-^3) ; [abr] K"e"x; extraction equilibrium constant (-) ; [abr] L^-; lactate ion ; [abr] R"3NCH"3^+Cl^-, quaternary ammonium salt contained in ALIQUAT 336 ; [abr] R"3NCH"3^+L^-; complex in the organic phase ; [abr] R; stripping aqueous phase ; [abr] S; organic phase ; [abr] V; volume (dm^3) ; [abr] [], concentration of species [mol dm^-^3] ; [abr] aq.; aqueous phase ; [abr] m; distribution ratio (-) ; [abr] org.; organic phase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(94)90122-8
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of maltodextrines to ethanol (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 22 (2000), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In this study the possibilities for simultaneous carrying out of ethanol fermentation process and maltodextrines hydrolysis by immobilized glucoamylase were investigated. By this way it is possible to maintain concentration of glucose (strong inhibitor of both processes) at low levels. This results in a considerable enhancement of the ethanol production as compared to the conventional process. Mathematical model of simultaneous processes is constructed and solved. Good agreement with experimental results is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050750
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitated transport of lactic acid in a stirred transfer cell (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 907-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lactic acid ; liquid membrane ; facilitated transport ; extraction ; organic acids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of liquid membrane extraction to the recovery of lactic acid from model systems and fermentation media was investigated. An experimental study of the facilitated transport of lactic acid using ALIQUAT 336 as a mobile carrier in a stirred transfer cell is reported. The effect of stirring speed, initial lactic acid concentration, carrier concentration, and NaCl as a reagent in the acceptor phase are considered. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431002
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some kinetic aspects and modelling of biotransformation of D-glucose to keto-D-gluconates (1995)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 13 (1995), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The bacterial oxidation of D-glucose to D-gluconic and keto-D-gluconic acids has been studied. Different approaches to pH-control have been checked. It is demonstrated, that the microbial growth is independent on pH-control. However, the rate of keto-gluconate production is too sensitive to the strategy of pH-maintenance and particularly to the neutralizing agent. The general opinion for the essential importance of addition of calcium ions for keto-gluconate formation is confirmed. The interpretation of the obtained experimental data by means of a simple mathematical model shows that the apparent lag-phase in keto-gluconate production is probably due to the necessity of accumulation of biomass as a biocatalyst and gluconic acids as a substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369561
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das Zustandsdiagramm des binären Systems Hochdruckpolyäthylen  -  Niederdruckpolyäthylen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 6 (1969), S. 144-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase rule for the polymer systems is deduced and shows that the phase diagram for a polymer system of two components must be given in four-dimensional space with the coordinates temperature, molecular weight of the first component, molecular weight of the second component, and composition. By means of differential thermoanalysis the phase transitions at different compositions of the system and at different molecular weights of the components are determined. On their basis plain diagrams at constant molecular weights and three-dimensional diagrams at constant molecular weight for one of the components are constructed. It is shown that the molecular weights of the two types of polyethylene have an influence on their mutual compatibility. The diagrams for the phase state of the system explain well the changes in the mechanical properties with changing composition.
    Notes: Nach der abgeleiteten Phasenregel sind die Zustandsdiagramme, namentlich die der binären Polymerensysteme, in einem vierdimensionalen Raum mit folgenden Koordinaten darzustellen: Zusammensetzung, Temperatur, Molekulargewicht für die eine, und Molekulargewicht für die andere Komponente. Mit Hilfe der Differentialthermoanalyse werden die Phasenübergänge bei unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung des Systems und unterschiedlichem Molekulargewicht der Komponenten bestimmt. Anhand der Phasenübergänge sind die Flächendiagramme bei konstantem Molekulargewicht der Komponenten sowie dreidimensionale Diagramme bei unveränderlichem Molekulargewicht der einen Komponente aufgezeichnet. Das Molekulargewicht der beiden Polymerenarten beeinflußt ihre Kongruenz. Die Zustandsdiagramme des Systems erklären in zufriedenstellender Weise die nichtadditive änderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften beim Wechsel der Zusammensetzung.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1969.050060114
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of vinylchoride removal from polyvinylchloride by thermal treatment in a flow of inert gas (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 999-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kintetics of free monomer removal from powdered suspension polyvinylchloride at elevated temperatures in a nitrogen flow is studied. It is found that in fluidized bed the monomer concentration decreases linearly with time. This behavior cannot be explained by a model of molecular diffusion in single spheres because of particle degradation during the treatment. Conditions for complete vinylchloride removal from the polymer are proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of styrene removal from polystyrene by thermal treatment in air (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of certain factors on the kinetics of styrene mass transfer from polystyrene in air at elevated temperature is investigated. It is established that this process can be simulated by a model including molecular diffusion of styrene to the surface of the solid material and evaporation from that surface. The effective coefficients of molecular diffusion at different temperatures and the evaporation coefficients under different hydrodynamic conditions are determined. The data obtained can be used for estimation of the monomer removal by thermal treatment of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zustandsdiagramm des polyäüthylen/polypropylen-systems (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 117 (1968), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: It is shown that the phase of a mixture of high pressure polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene depends on temperature, weight fraction, and molecular weight of the polymers. Mixtures with high polypropylene content form solid solutions. A variation of the molecular weight of polypropylene has a significant effect on the phase state of the mixture, the molecular weight of polyethylene does not. The phase diagram can be represented best in a three-dimensional coordinate system with temperature, composition, and molecular weight of polypropylene as coordinates.
    Notes: Der Phasenzustand des aus Hochdruckpolyäthylen und isotaktischem Polypropylen bestchenden Polymerengemisches wurde in Abhängigkeit von der prozentualen Zusammensetzung und von den Molekulargewichten der Komponenten untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß der Phasenzustand von der Temperatur, dem Gewichtsverhältnis der Komponenten und dem Molekulargewicht der Polymeren abhängt. Feste Lösugen bilden sich bei einem hohen Polypropylengehalt des Gemisches. Das Molekulargewicht des Polyäthylens wirkt sich nicht merklich aus, dasjenige des Polypropylens hingegen beeinflußt den Phasenzustand des Gemisches. Das Zustandsdiagramm des Polymerengemisches wird am besten in einem räumlichen Koordinatensystem mit Temperatur, Zusammensetzung und Molekulargewicht des Polypropylens als Koordinaten dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1968.021170122
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das zustandsdiagramm binärer polymerengemische (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 105 (1967), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An investigation was made on the phase state of the following binary polymer systems consisting of a crystallizable and a non-crystallizable polymer: poly (ethylene adipate) / poly (methyl methacrylate), poly-(ethylene sebacinat) / poly (methyl methacrylate), and poly (ethylene adipate) / poly (vinyl chloride). It was found that these polymer mixtures are able to form homogeneous systems, the state of which can be characterized by diagrams similar to those of low molecular compounds. In particular, the dependence of the phase state on the molecular weights of the components, the temperature, and the composition of the mixture was investigated.
    Notes: Die Phasenzustände von folgenden binären Polymerensystemen, die aus je einer kristallisationsfähigen und einer nichtkristallisationsfähigen Komponente bestehen, wurden untersucht: Polyäthylenadipat/Polymethylmethacrylat, Polyäthylensebacinat/Polymethylmethacrylat und Polyäthylenadipat/Polyvinylchlorid. Es ergab sich, daß diese Mischungen homogene Systeme bilden können, die sich durch Zustandsdiagramme charakterisieren lassen, die denjenigen von niedermolekularen Verbindungen ähneln. Im einzelnen wurde die Abhängigkeit der Phasenzustände von den Molekulargewichten der Komponenten, der Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung der Gemische untersucht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1967.021050124
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