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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a copper intrauterine device on the morphology of the rat uterus (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Copper intrauterine device ; Uterus ; Metaplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Copper wire was inserted into one uterine horn of nulliparous female rats, and remained in place until the animals were killed 1 month or 3 months post-insertion. The opposite horn and uteri of non-IUD exposed rats served as control tissue. Light microscopy of the horn that contained the device revealed distortion of the uterine lumen, leucocyte infiltration, and patchy metaplasia of the simple columnar endometrial epithelium into a pseudostratified or stratified squamous epithelium with occasional keratinization. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the stratified squamous epithelium was typical of that found normally at other sites. The cells were attached by numerous desmosomes to one another, and hemidesmosomes anchored the basal cells to the basal lamina. The cells contained numerous bundles of tonofilaments, and keratohyalin granules were present where keratinization occurred. Membrane-coating granules were seen within and between cells of the upper layer. The results of the study indicate that the copper IUD alters the uterine lumen and epithelium in a manner similar to inert devices. It would appear that these changes could interfere dramatically with blastocyst implantation. This effect, along with the known reduction in numbers of ovulated eggs and the possible toxic nature of this medicated device, may combine to increase dramatically the efficacy of the device in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427184
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prepubertal and pubertal changes in the hamster ovary (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovary of the newborn hamster is characterized by numerous oogonia which are undergoing mitotic divisions. By day 8, the germ cells have developed into oocytes (dictyate stage). The oocytes and granulosa cells are surrounded by an undeveloped network of fibrous stromal cells until day 14. Between days 14 and 21, the stroma is transformed by hypertrophy and hyperplasia into a primary interstitium consisting of large epithelial cells.The critical period of follicular development is from days 21 to 28, with antral follicles first appearing on day 26. The earliest spontaneous ovulations occur on day 29. This differs from the temporal relationship in the rat and mouse in which antral follicles not only develop several weeks before puberty but can also be induced to ovulate prematurely with exogenous gonadotropins. In contrast, in the hamster the maximal ovulatory response to pregnant mare's serum (PMS) develops rapidly between days 27 to 30. Over this period, induced ovulations increase from an average of 10.5 ova to 55 eggs. The altered responsiveness to PMS does not correlate with any change in the diameter of follicles or number of secondary or tertiary follicles. It is therefore concluded that progressively smaller follicles become competent to respond to exogenous gonadotropin between days 27 and 30.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of uterine artery ligation on ovulation in the rat (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Female rats were divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) one uterine artery (a.) ligated near the utero-tubal (U-T) junction, (3) one uterine a. ligated at the level of the cervix, (4) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the U-T junction, (5) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the cervix and (6) both uterine aa. tied with one ligature at the cervix. Segmental aa. were disrupted in all experimental groups except group 6. Animals were allowed to recover for ten days and killed the first metestrus thereafter. Number of eggs ovulated was determined by flushing the oviduct with saline solution and counting the ova.Control rats ovulated 5.0 ± 0.4 eggs per ovary. Groups 2 and 3 had an increase in the number of eggs shed from the ovary on the non-ligated side. In contrast, a decrease in the number of ova shed occurred on the ligated side. When both aa. were ligated separately (groups 4 and 5), irrespective of location, a decrease in the number of eggs shed by both ovaries was evident. No effect was found when only one ligature was placed near the cervix (group 6).The data demonstrate that blood supply to the ovary via the uterine artery is essential for the full complement of eggs to be shed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular collagen in the nonpregnant and IUD-containing rat uterusSupport by Edward G. Schlieder Foundation Grant. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An experiment designed to study the effects of the copper IUD on the virgin rat uterus has revealed the presence of intracellular collagen fibrils in control uteri and in uteri that have contained a copper IUD for three months. The cells containing the collagen are found in the stroma in close proximity to the uterine epithelium. The collagen is found within membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles that vary in morphology. In some cases the fibrils are tightly packed and linear, with no other material evident in the vacuole. In other examples, the fibrils are randomly arranged and the vacuoles contain a punctate material which is characteristic of phagolysosomes. Finally, cytoplasmic vacuoles are seen which contain ill-defined debris and poorly-visualized structures that exhibit a periodicity, suggesting a terminal phase of fibril breakdown. All animals were sacrificed in metestrus, and the results indicate that intracellular collagen is present in the nulliparous rat uterus at this stage of the cycle. In addition, this phenomenon does not appear to be influenced by the presence of a copper IUD over a period of three months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of unilateral ovariectomy on follicular development and ovulation in cycling, aged rats (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 132 (1971), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic rats were unilaterally ovariectomized at random stages of the cycle between 66 to 72 days of age and killed on day 2 (metestrus) of the estrous cycle after three cycles, and after 3, 6 or 12 months. Control (intact) rats were also killed at these time periods.Counts of tubal ova revealed that intact rats ovulated an average of 5.3 eggs per ovary after three cycles (N = 7); 4.8 after three months (N = 12); 4.2 after six months (N =12) and 3.5 after 12 months (N = 2). Following unilateral ovariectomy, compensatory ovulation (11 eggs) occurred in all rats after three cycles (N = 10) and at three months (N = 11). Only four to five eggs were ovulated at six (N = 13) and 12 months (N = 4) after hemicastration. The remaining ovary in rats unilaterally ovariectomized after three cycles, or 3, 6 and 12 months hypertrophied 38%, 64%, 55% and 118%, respectively.Follicular development on the second day of the cycle was the same in intact and hemicastrated rats. The total number of follicles larger than 352 μ in diameter did not differ between three cycles and three months. By six months a 50% reduction occurred and the number of follicles remained the same after 12 months. This decrease in follicular development supports the finding of an absence of compensatory ovulation in the hemicastrated rat after 6 or 12 months.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001320403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysterectomy in the rat: Surgical disruption of the vascular channels reduces number of ova shed (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 145 (1976), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cycling rats were hysterectomized and/or unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) on day 2 (metestrus). Collateral blood supply to the remaining ovary via the uterine artery was left intact or disrupted. Animals were killed in metestrus after one complete estrous cycle. Control rats were also killed at this time.Counts of tubal ova revealed that intact rats ovulated an average of 4.4 ± 0.4 eggs per ovary (N = 8). Following ULO, rats (N = 8) ovulated 9.6 ± 0.2 eggs. Ligation of the uterine artery decreased the number of eggs ovulated in ULO rats (N = 8) to 5.4 ± 1.1. Hysterectomized rats (N = 8) ovulated 4.8 ± 0.5 eggs per ovary. If the blood supply was disrupted, a reduction to 2.7 ± 0.2 eggs per ovary occurred (N = 8). Hysterectomized and ULO rats (N = 8) ovulated 10.3 ± 0.4 eggs from the remaining ovary but only 5.0 ± 1.0 eggs if the collateral blood supply of the uterine artery was not intact (N = 10).The results demonstrate that disruption of the vascular channels during the surgical procedures of hysterectomy and/or ULO results in a reduction of the expected ovulation number.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001450108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of unilateral ovariectomy on follicular development in cycling rats (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovarian follicular development was analyzed in intact and unilaterally ovariectomized cyclic rats. Holtzman rats, followed for three successive cycles, were classified as 4- or 5-day animals, with estrus designated as day 1. Intact 4- and 5-day animals were killed on each day of the estrous cycle and one ovary from each animal was saved for histology and examined for normal follicles larger than 352 μ. Cycling rats were unilaterally ovariectomized on day 1 and killed on each of the remaining days of the immediate estrous cycle and day 1 of the next cycle. The follicular population (normal follicles larger than 352 μ) was studied in the remaining ovary.During the estrous cycle of intact rats, there was a gradual increase in the number of follicles with a diameter of 518 to 571 μ and greater; however, the total number of follicles ranging in size from 352 to 571 μ and larger remained relatively constant. At day 5, in the 5-day cycling rat, the ovaries were depleted of follicles measuring from 395 to 570 μ.Following unilateral ovariectomy on day 1, there was a temporary decrease in the number of follicles larger than 448 μ. This agreed with the finding that animals semi-spayed on day 1 and injected with 20 I.U. human chorionic gonadotropin on day 2 (PM) did not ovulate, whereas intact animals ovulated an average of seven eggs after the same treatment. The remaining ovary of animals unilaterally ovariectomized on day 1 showed a significant increase by the next estrus in the number of follicles larger than 448 μ.The method of compensatory ovulation in the rat involved doubling the number of large follicles which ultimately matured during the estrous cycle. This resulted from increased proliferation of smaller follicles in the course of the cycle rather than from decreased follicular atresia.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of hysterectomy on compensatory ovulation in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic rats were hysterectomized and unilaterally ovariectomized during random stages of the cycle or on day 2 (metestrus) and killed in metestrus after one or two complete estrous cycles. Control (intact and unilaterally ovariectomized) rats were also killed at this time.Counts of tubal ova revealed that intact rats ovulated an average of 4.9 eggs per ovary (N-5). Following only unilateral ovariectomy, compensatory ovulation (10.1 eggs per ovary) occurred in all rats (N-6). However, when both hemicastration and hysterectomy were performed, only 6.5 eggs were shed (N-19). The findings suggest an inhibitory effect of hysterectomy on compensatory ovulation in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350215
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of unilateral ovariectomy on ovulation and cycle length in 4- and 5-day cycling rats (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic rats were unilaterally ovariectomized on each day of the estrous cycle and the ovulation rate of the remaining ovary was determined at the next expected ovulation by counting tubal ova.Holtzman rats, followed for three successive estrous cycles, were classified as 4- or 5-day cyclic animals. Control (i.e., intact) 4-day animals ovulated (2 ovaries) an average of 9.6 ± 0.6 eggs and 5-day rats ovulated 10.2 ± 0.2 ova. Estrus was designated as day 1 of the cycle. Unilateral ovariectomy on the morning of days 1 to 3 resulted in doubling the number of ovulations (complete compensatory ovulation) by the next estrus in all rats: an average of 10.5 eggs (N = 78 animals). Four-day animals did not compensate when semi-spayed after 8 PM of day 3, whereas, 5-day aniamls continued to double the number of ovulations until 2 AM of day 4.Unilateral ovariectomy of rats with previous 5-day cycles between 8 and 12 AM on day 1 shortened the expected cycle length by one day (60/73 rats). In contrast, only 19.4% of intact 5-day rats, spontaneously shortened their fourth cycle to four days. This effect of unilateral ovariectomy was only apparent in the cycle in which the operation was performed and was preventable by administration of 0.5 to 2.0 mg of progesterone on day 2. This suggests that unilateral ovariectomy on day 1 may have reduced the level of circulating progesterone enough to facilitate the release of LH one day earlier in the estrous cycle.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270102
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