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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of meal size and feeding rate of the lysianassid amphipods Anonyx nugax, Onisimus (=Pseudalibrotus) litoralis and Orchomenella pinguis (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lysianassid amphipods were collected in 1987 from Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, and from the Mingan Archipelago, Gulf of St Lawrence. Meal size and feeding rate of Anonyx nugax (Phipps), Onisimus (=Pseudalibrotus) litoralis (Krøyer) and Orchomenella pinguis (Boeck) were estimated directly, gravimetrically and/or from predictive equations. Size-specific ingestion was greatest in A. nugax, which fed swiftly and efficiently in comparison to O. litoralis and O. pinguis. These two latter species dispersed some bait while feeding and crawling on its surface. Groups of lysianassids fed more wastefully than single individuals. Meal size of females of O. litoralis decreased with increasing maturity, while berried females of O. pinguis consumed less food than mature males. Up to 30 d of starvation had no effect on survival and feeding ability of A. nugax, but 10 to 15 d of starvation dramatically reduced feeding ability or killed O. litoralis and O. pinguis. Differences between meal size, feeding rate and survival point to divergent feeding patterns, which also have been evidenced elsewhere by analysis of gut contents. O. litoralis and O. pinguis are best characterized as facultative scavengers, while large A. nugax are possibly obligate carnivores. Results emphasize the importance of lysianassid amphipods, particularly A. nugax, as bait stealers and as predators of commercial species trapped by various fishing gear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428488
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic Rate independent of Temperature in Mollusc Tissue (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 231 (1971), S. 393-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Three tissues were used; gill, mantle and adductor muscle. Gills were excised and several squares (with dimensions of approximately 5 mm) were cut from each of the demibranchs. In the preparation of mantle tissue the lobulated border was discarded and the remaining central free portion was cut into ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/231393a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction and growth of the Arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula Mandt (1993)
    Springer
    Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hyperiid amphipod, Themisto libellula, is abundant in Arctic seas and is an important prey for fish, birds and mammals. Characterization of its life cycle has been hampered by the lack of winter collections. In this study, that portion of the hyperiid population inhabiting the upper 30 m of the water column in Frobisher Bay was sampled periodically in winter, spring and summer during five consecutive years. In one year the winter and spring collections included large numbers of ovigerous females. These samples provide new information about timing of reproduction, size at maturity, fecundity, embryonic development, hatching, release and rate of growth of T. libellula in the Arctic. The average length of the ovigerous females was 23.3 mm. This and the summer growth rate of about 6 mm/month indicates that they can reproduce when one year old. Eggs are laid prior to early February, and although some young may be released from the marsupium as early as mid-March, most are liberated during April and May. The fecundity is significantly correlated with female length and an average 23 mm long individual had 275 embryos. The size-specific fecundity is similar to that of hyperiids from temperate and subtropical waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238546
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy consumption and metabolism during starvation in the Arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula Mandt (1993)
    Springer
    Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When the Arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula was starved for a month the lipid and energy content decreased. Over the first two weeks 5.50 μg lipid and 0.24 joules were consumed per mg dry weight·d, but rates of lipid and energy consumption decreased by 70–75% during the subsequent two weeks. An individual with maximum lipid reserve could survive for about 168 days without food. Given that lipid is also needed for reproduction in mid-winter, it seems unlikely that animals could overwinter without feeding. Temperatures between 0° and 6° C had only a slight effect (Q10 = 1.61) on the rate of lipid and energy consumption. The effect of temperatures in the normal habitat range on the rate of respiratory metabolism was also small (Q10 = 2.01), but above 5°C the rate increased sharply (Q10 = 6.5). Starvation for 15 days had no significant effect on the animals' metabolic rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236397
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet comparison among demersal marine fish from the Canadian Arctic (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 11 (1992), S. 567-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The diets of 12 species of demersal marine fish from various locations in the Canadian Arctic comprised a grand total of 267 prey species, mainly invertebrates. The total number of prey species taken by a single fish species ranged from 9 to 91, and the mean number per stomach from 2.0 to 9.4. The most important prey were Crustacea, most frequently epibenthic or planktonic species; Polychaeta, mainly the larger species; and Mollusca, notably the cropped siphons of Macoma calcarea. Generally, only a few species comprised the bulk of the food. Most of the fish had a predominantly benthic or epibenthic diet, a notable exception being Triglops pingeli which ate zoo plankton almost exclusively at the three sites from which it was collected. To a lesser extent, Triglops murrayi, Icelus spatula and Liparis gibbus also fed planktonically. No significant correlations in diet were found among sympatric fish populations, implying a division of resources and reduced interspecific competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237950
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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