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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LAV/HTLV-III infection in children of African origin: Experience in Belgium (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III ; Lymphoid hyperplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From December 1982 to June 1985, we diagnosed LAV/HTLV-III infection in 16 children of African origin living in Belgium or referred to one of the hospitals participating in this study. Diagnosis was proven in seven of them by isolation of virus of the LAV/HTLV-III group. In the nine others, LAV/HTLV-III infection was highly probable because of the presence of antibodies against the virus (seven subjects) or clinical and immunological evidence of immune deficiency associated with a parental history of LAV/HTLV-III infection (two subjects). Five of these children had a severe illness starting in the first months of life (range 20 days-4 months) and died within 4 months (range 19 days-10 months). Eight children presented later in life (mean age 35 months, range 2–66 months) with a milder and more chronic disease characterized by the presence of generalized lymphadenopathy (6/8), hepatomegaly (5/8), splenomegaly (5/8), interstitial pulmonary infiltration (4/8), parotid swelling (3/8), CSF lymphocytosis (3/5), diarrhoea without pathogen isolated (1/8) and fever (1/8). At least one of the parents of each child was of African origin. At the time of birth of their child two mothers and one father had an AIDS-related complex. After a mean period of 34 months (range 3–87 months) five fathers and six mothers had a symptomatic LAV/HTLV-III infection (AIDS or AIDS-related complex).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02429054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the interferon system in African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 304-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum interferon and in vitro production of alpha and gamma interferon by peripheral blood leucocytes were examined in 21 African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 15 African patients with AIDS-related complex. Interferon was detected in the serum of 44 % of the patients with AIDS-related complex and in 70 % of the patients with full-blown AIDS, and was characterized as an acid-labile alpha interferon. When compared to healthy blood donors, the interferon response of peripheral blood leucocytes to Newcastle Disease virus was impaired in 7 of 12 patients with AIDS-related complex and in 16 of 20 AIDS patients (p〈0.005). Also, production of gamma interferon following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin was diminished in 5 of 11 patients with AIDS-related complex and in 13 of 17 patients with AIDS (p〈0.005). A high correlation was observed between the presence of circulating interferon and decreased in vitro production of gamma interferon, but not of alpha interferon. These results suggest that the impairment of in vitro production of gamma interferon can be used as a preclinical marker of AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013658
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmonella bacteremia in African patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During a two-year period, 26 Central African patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex were seen in two Belgian hospitals and five of these patients presented with non-typhoidSalmonella bacteremia. Three additional patients were observed in a Rwandese hospital. These eight African patients were compared with 16 non-AIDS patients with non-typhoidSalmonella bacteremias. The patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex did not have gastroenteritis, but they did have a high recurrence rate and high prevalence ofSalmonella typhimurium. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis seems warranted for such patients despite the high frequency of side effects from antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962170
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seroepidemiological study on sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B in African promiscuous heterosexuals in relation to HTLV-III infection (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Sexually transmitted diseases ; Hepatitis B ; HTLV-III infection ; Heterosexual transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A seroepidemiological study was performed on HTLV-III, T. pallidum, C. trachomatis and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), in Butare, Rwanda, among 33 female prostitutes, 25 male customers of prostitutes, and 60 male and female controls. As compared with female controls the prostitutes had a higher prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-III (29/33 versus 4/33, p〈0.001), T. pallidunz (TPHA: 27/33 versus 6/33, p〈0.001; RPR: 19/33 versus 2′33, p〈0.001; FTA-Abs: 27/33 versus 5/33, p〈0:001) and C. trachomatis (IgG IF: 31/33 versus 13/33, p〈0.001). HBV serological markers were more often detected in the prostitutes than in the female controls (31/33 versus 18/33, p〈0.001) although HBs antigen carriage rate was similar in both groups. As compared with male controls, the male customers of prostitutes had more frequently detectable antibodies to HTLV-III (7/25 versus 2/27, p = 0.05), and a positive RPR (10/25 versus 1/27, p〈0.01). Among the 118 individuals studied, odds ratios and trend analysis disclosed a significant association between HTLV-III seropositivity and a positive TPHA, RPR, FTA-Abs, Chlamvdia IgG IF test and serological markers to HBV. No association was found between HTLV-III seropositivity and IIBs Ag carriage. This study suggests that HTLV-III has to be considered as an infectious agent transmitted among promiscuous Central African heterosexuals by sexual contact and/or parenteral contact with unsterile needles used for STD treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145066
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drying with internal heat generation: Theoretical aspects and application to microwave heating (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 359-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer presented describes drying with internal heat generation. Since a liquid expulsion phase is observed, a numerical procedure was developed to account for saturated and unsaturated zones and to model the liquid expulsion. The model was validated by a drainage experiment. An experimental rig was built to conduct microwave drying experiments in well-controlled conditions using capillary porous body (light concrete) as test material. Two types of drying (high and low power) were distinguished, depending on whether or not boiling occurred in the sample. The heat source term in the medium was determined from the experimental results. The numerical results agree with the experimental observations in terms of drying kinetics and transfer mechanisms. This allows a very accurate description of the transport phenomena and the liquid expulsion phase associated with high-power drying.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microwave applicator for on line wood drying: Temperature and moisture distribution in wood (1999)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 33 (1999), S. 123-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary An especially designed open microwave applicator was analysed using wood as the material to be heated and dried. The idea was to develop an on line microwave construction consisting of several small open applicators, each fed by a small standard magnetron (for example 1.4 kW main power). The process was analysed by measuring the wood temperature during heating using an IR-camera and detecting the moisture distribution during drying by CT-scanning. Pine and birch wood samples were used in the experiments, mainly 40 mm in thickness. The experiments show that the power distribution differs between dry wood and moist wood. The analysis of the temperature fields captured by the IR-camera during the first minutes allows a rather accurate determination of the MW power. Consequently, the drying proceeds unevenly in the wood specimens, especially in the longitudinal direction. The dimensions of the applicator and its relation to the wood dimension are very important. However, the wood was not destroyed, the temperature and moisture gradients did not affect the wood in terms of checks or deformations. The drying rate in different positions of the specimen varied between 0.30 and 0.80 percentage moisture content/min. The uneven energy, meaning temperature and field distribution, is to be compensated in the future by a moving wood load and by alternating the position of each applicator in a larger scale microwave pilot plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of numerical simulation as a cognitive tool for studying the microwave drying of softwood in an over-sized waveguide (1999)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 33 (1999), S. 445-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A previously developed mathematical model, which uses a comprehensive two-dimensional heat and mass transport code coupled with a three-dimensional code for resolving Maxwell's equations in the time domain, will be used to investigate numerous aspects of the microwave enhanced convective drying of softwood in an over-sized waveguide. At first, in order to highlight the predictive capabilities of the developed model, comparisons will be made between theory and experiment for spruce heartwood. It will be shown that the model is able to identify most of the important heat and mass transfer phenomena that arise throughout the drying process. After validation of the numerical simulation results, the work focuses on using the model as a cognitive tool for investigating important issues for closed microwave systems which include the effect of varying the sample dimensions and changing the location of the material within the applicator. Finally, a study will be presented that compares the overall drying kinetics generated within two different types of applicator designs. The first design uses a wave-trap located at the end of the waveguide to prevent reflected energy from back-propagating into the over-sized section of the guide, while the second design uses a short-circuit plane to ensure that this reflected energy is back – propagated towards the material. The advantages and disadvantages of these two designs will be deliberated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050129
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic tensile tests in the transverse plane of earlywood and latewood parts of spruce (2000)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 34 (2000), S. 65-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a method which makes it possible to measure elastic properties of a small group of tracheids in the transverse plane. The method is based on tensile tests under microscope that are performed with the assistance of an image analysis system. The calculation of the strain field is based on a global comparison of the grey levels between each deformed image and the initial image. All tests were carried out within one annual ring of spruce: • radial and tangential Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be measured in earlywood with a good accuracy, • radial Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of tracheids in latewood can be estimated with good confidence, • two tests of very thin samples allowed the evaluation of the tangential elastic modulus in latewood. The small size of the sample together with the local measurement of the strain field permitted us to perform several measurements along one single annual ring. Consequently, it was possible to reveal a good relationship between the mechanical properties and the local density determined by microdensitometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260000034
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