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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 18-27 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Histocompatibility ; Antigen presentation ; Herpesvirus ; Adenovirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  An essential part of the immune response to viral infections is the recognition and elimination of infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. For this purpose a display mechanism has evolved which is present in almost all nucleated cells: the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen processing pathway. Both self and foreign antigens are degraded in the cytosol to peptides which are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum where they are loaded onto MHC class I molecules. Pathogens living inside the cell are evolving under the constant selection pressure of such immune surveillance. As a result such infectious organisms have developed a variety of strategies to prevent their antigens from being presented. Since our understanding of the cell biology of antigen presentation has greatly advanced in recent years, it has now become possible to unravel several of the molecular mechanisms by which viruses interfere with MHC class I antigen presentation. Examples for the interference of viral molecules with components of the MHC class I pathway are presented in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 23 (1989), S. 71-85 
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (1993), S. 207-237 
    ISSN: 0743-4634
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Amyloid has recently been shown to accumulate intracellularly in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet amyloid plaques are generally thought to arise from gradual extracellular amyloid deposition. We have investigated the possibility of a link between these two apparently conflicting observations.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and results:Immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis was used to examine the detailed localization of β-amyloid42 (Aβ42), a major component of amyloid plaques, in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of AD brains. Aβ42 first selectively accumulates in the perikaryon of pyramidal cells as discrete, granules that appear to be cathepsin D-positive, suggesting that they may represent lysosomes or lysosome-derived structures. AD brain regions abundantly populated with pyramidal neurones exhibiting excessive Aβ42 accumulations also contained evidence of neuronal lysis. Lysis of these Aβ42-burdened neurones apparently resulted in a local, radial dispersion of their cytoplasmic contents, including Aβ42 and lysosomal enzymes, into the surrounding extracellular space. A nuclear remnant was found at the dense core of many amyloid plaques, strengthening the idea that each amyloid plaque represents the end product of a single neuronal cell lysis. The inverse relationship between the amyloid plaque density and pyramidal cell density in the AD brain regions also supports this possibility, as does the close correlation between plaque size and the size of local pyramidal cells.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Our findings suggest that excessive intracellular accumulation of Aβ42-positive material in pyramidal cells can result in cell lysis, and that cell lysis is an important source of amyloid plaques and neuronal loss in AD brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Deoxycholate-solubilized HLA antigens have been isolated from plalelets and comprised a mixture of 43,000- and 39,000-dalton polypcptide chains associated with β2-microglobulin. Limited proteolysis experiments suggested that the 39,000-dalton chain is a fragment of the intact 43,000-dalton chain. Further proteolysis of the 39,000-dalton fragment yields a 33,000-dalton component. The 39,000-dalton molecule is more acidic than both the 43,000- and the 33,000-dalton chains. Differences in the amino acid compositions of the 43,000- and 39,000-dalton species demonstrate that the peptide(s) released on generation ofthe 39,000-dalton com-coniponent are charged. The proieolytic split mosl probably occurs in the COOH-terminal end which, owing to its content of charged amino acids, most probably is not integrated into the hydrocarbon matrix of the membrane. The 39,000- and 43,000-dall on components bind detergent in micellar form and can be incorporated into liposonies. The 33,000-dalton fragment has lost the ability to bind detergent micelles and is not incorporated into liposomes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Papain-solubilized HLA-A. B.C antigen heavy chains have been cleaved by combined acid and CNBr treatment to yield three large fragments. A 14,000-dalton peptide comprises the NH2- terminal portion of the molecule, less a five-membered peptide The 14,000-dalton fragment is followed in the linear sequence by a 9000-dalton peptide connected through an aspartyl-prolyl bond to the COOH-terminal 11,000-dalton fragment. The 9000- and 11,000-dalton fragments contain disulphide bridges that are immunoglobulin-like inasmuch as they encompass some fifty-live lo sixty amino acid residues. The NH2-terminal portion of the HLA antigen heavy chain is devoid of cysteine. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analyses do not reveal homologies between the 14.000- and 9000-dalton fragments. β2-microglobulin, and the constant immunoglobulin domains. However, the NH2-terminal sequence of the 11,000-dalton fragment is as homologous to β2-microglobulin and the constant immunoglobulin domains as they are to one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit antisera against H-2K and D antigens react with molecules composed of 12,000 and 45,000 dalton subunits derived from human, monkey, rat, guinea-pig, cow und pig lymphocytes. The antisera failed, however, to react with similar type molecules from chicken. A rabbit antihuman β2-microglobulin serum reacted with chicken molecules comprising 12,000 and 45,000 dalton polypeptide chains. An antiserum against HLA-DR antigens reacted with Ia-antigen-like molecules from monkey, rat, mouse, guinea-pig, cow, pig and chicken lymphocytes. All Ia-antigen-like molecules displayed two dissimilar subunits. The present data suggest that xenoantisera directed against highly purified MHC antigens from one species may be useful tools in elucidating the structure of similar antigens in other species where alloantisera are not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: cDNA for a β-chain of HLA-DR antigens was cloned and the partial nucleotide sequence was determined. The data suggest that the β-chain consists of approximately 230 amino acids, of which about 200 are exposed on the cell surface. The β-chain appears to be composed of two exposed disulphide-containing domains. The arrangement of the disulphide loops suggests that the β-chain is similar in structure to the HLA-A, B, C antigen subunits and the immunoglobulin chains. For the β-chain domain closest to the membrane this similarity was verified at the level of primary structure. The partial amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal domain did not display any apparent homology to HLA-A, B, C antigens and immunoglobulins. However, the similarity established here between the two types of major histocompatibility antigen subunits and the immunoglobulin chains suggests a common ancestral origin for at least some regions of these molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rabbit antiserum has been raised against highly purified, detergent-Solubilized HLA-DR antigens. Externally or Internally labelled surface glycoprotein from B-lymphocytes, epidermis, macrophages, and B-lymphoma cell lines reacted with the antiserum which precipitated polypeptide chains with the molecular weights 28.000 and 34.000 Such polypeptide chains were not observed when the antiserum was reacted with T-lymphocytes, T-cell lymphoma lines, kidney, brain. thymus and spermatozoa. Fab-fragments of the antiserum completely abolished the cytotoxic action of HLA-DR alloantisera but had no effect on the cytotoxicity mediated by HLA-A, B and C loci antisera Moreover, the rabbit antiserum reacted with the same molecules as the HLA-DR alloantisera. Fab-fragments of the rabbit antiserum completely abolished the MLR response and from the kinetics of the inhibition it is concluded that the Fab-fragments may interfere primarily with the initial recognition phase of the MLR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ia-antigen-like molecules are expressed on cells within several different non-lymphoid tissues of the guinea-pig. In indirect immunofluorescence analyses anti-la-Lintigen antibodies stained epithelial cells lining the intestinal tract, the bile ducts, the respimiory tract and the urinary tract. The rabbit antibodies against la antigens also stained the cells of the parotid and the submandibular glands. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that the reticuloepithelial cells of the thymus, like the Kupffer cells of the liver, express Ia-antigen-like molecules. In several cases indirect immunoprecipitation analyses and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the immunoprecipitation studies inasmuch as Ia-anligen-like subunit with apparent molecular weights of 26,000 and 34,000 could be isolated from ihe non-lymphoid organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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