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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 322-340 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress corrosion cracking on austenitic chromium nickel steels during active corrosion in chloride containing electrolytesAustenitic stainless steels may suffer from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride containing environments not only in the passive state of the materials and at elevated temperatures, but also under the conditions of active corrosion at ambient temperatures. This type of active SCC was investigated for 18/8 CrNi-steel in sulphuric acid-sodium chloride solutions by potentiostatically controlled experiments with stressed specimens. Critical potential ranges of susceptibility to SCC were evaluated. Comparison with potentiodynamically measured current-potential-curves shows that these critical potential ranges of SCC are identical with the potential ranges of active dissolution of unstressed specimens.Also in boiling 42% MgCl2, active SCC is observed in a narrow potential range more negative than the critical limiting potential of passive SCC. This range becomes more narrow by addition of Mo, but is extended by Ni. Incoloy 800 with about 32 wt.-% Ni shows exclusively active behaviour in the potential range interesting for testing the material in 42% MgCl2.Active SCC is at last caused by the formation of an incomplete protecting layer of adsorbed chloride ions which allows local differences of anodic dissolution, hereby in the presence of mechanical stresses making SCC failures possible. At potentials sufficiently negative, the thickness of the adsorption layer can increase and a macroscopic salt-layer is formed. The chemical composition of such a layer, formed in magnesium chloride, was investigated. The layer consists nearly exclusively of nickel chloride.
    Notes: Nichtrostende austenitische Stähle erfahren in chloridhaltigen Angriffsmitteln Spannungsrißkorrosion nicht nur im passiven Zustand bei erhöhter Temperature, sondern auch im Zustand der aktiven Korrosion bei Umgebungstemperatur. Diese aktive Spannungsrißkorrosion wurde für 18/8 Chrom-Nickel-Stähle in schwefelsauren Natriumchlorid-Lösungen durch potentionstatische Halteversuche mit gespannten Proben untersucht, wobei kritische Potentiale der Spannungsrißkorrosion ermittelt wurden. Ein Vergleich mit potentiodynamisch gemessenen Strom-Potential-Kurven zeigt, daß diese kritischen Potentialbereiche der Spannungsrißkorrosion mit den Potentialbereichen der aktiven Auflösung des Stahles bei Abwesenheit mechanischer Spannungen identisch sind.Auch in siedender 42%iger Magnesiumchlorid-Lösung erfolgt aktive Spannungsrißkorrosion in einem schmalen Potentialbereich bei Potentialen, die negativer sind als das kritische Grenzpotential der Spannungsrißkorrosion im passiven Zustand. Durch Zusatz von Molybdän wird der Potentialbereich der aktiven Spannungsrißkorrosion eingeengt, durch Nickelzusätze erweitert. Werkstoff Incoloy 800 mit 32 Gew.-% Nikkel ist in dem bei der Prüfung in 42% iger Magnesiumchlorid- Lösung interessierenden Potentialbereich ausschließlich aktiv, wird jedoch in diesem Zustand nur schwach durch Spannungsrißkorrosion angegriffen.Ursache der Spannungsrißkorrosion im aktiven Zustand ist die Ausbildung einer unvollständig schützenden Schicht von adsorbierten Chloridionen, die örtliche Unterschiede des anodischen Verhaltens ermöglicht. Bei hinreichend negativen Potentialen kann diese Adsorbtionsschicht ein Dickenwachstum erfahren, so daß makroskopische Salzdeckschichten entstehen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung einer solchen, in Magnesiumchlorid-Lösung gebildeten Deckschicht wurde untersucht, sie besteht praktisch ausschließlich aus Nickelchlorid.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 36 (1985), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking of heat exchanger tubing of austenitic chromium nickel molybdenum steel Werkstoff No. 1.4571 (X 10 CrNiMo Ti 18 10)
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: nuclear astrophysics ; r-process nucleosynthesis ; isotope and isomer separation via HF splitting ; laser ion source ; nuclear structure ; neutron-rich isotopes ; ultra-metal-poor halo stars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The focus of the present review is the production of the heaviest elements in nature via the r-process. A correct understanding and modeling requires the knowledge of nuclear properties far from stability and a detailed prescription of the astrophysical environment. Experiments at CERN/ISOLDE have played a pioneering role in exploring the characteristics of nuclear structure in terms of masses and β-decay properties. Initial examinations paid attention to far unstable nuclei with magic neutron numbers related to r-process peaks, while present activities are centered on the evolution of shell effects with the distance from the valley of stability. We first show in site-independent applications the effect of both types of nuclear properties on r-process abundances. Then, we explore the results of calculations related to two different “realistic”astrophysical sites, (i) the supernova neutrino wind and (ii) neutron star mergers. We close with a list of remaining theoretical and experimental challenges needed to overcome for a full understanding of the nature of the r-process, and the role CERN/ISOLDE can play in this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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