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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of soybean protease inhibitors on digestive enzymes, survival and learning abilities of honeybees (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: honeybee Apis mellifera ; proteinase inhibitors ; long-term toxicity ; olfactory conditioning ; proteinases ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the effects of long-term ingestion of two serine proteinase inhibitors (PIs), the Kunitz Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) on survival, learning abilities involved in the foraging behaviour, and digestive physiology of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera). A threshold-dose was established, above which adverse effects of long-term ingestion of the PIs tested are to be expected. The experiments reported herein could be extended to other PIs or gene products used to confer insect resistance, and be part of a general procedure used to assess the innocuousness of transgenic melliferous plants to honeybees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003923309473
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual Learning Ability and Complex Odor Recognition in the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L. (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 585-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: honeybee ; learning ; proboscis extension ; olfaction ; odor mixture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individually restrained worker bees were trained to recognize complex odors in a conditioned proboscis extension assay. Three groups of bees were considered, based on the responses recorded during the experimental procedure: selective learners, nonselective learners, and nonlearners. For conditioning, three concentrations of two synthetic mixtures were used. The distribution of bees between groups was not significantly affected by the nature or by the concentration of the conditioning mixture. After conditioning, bees were tested with the individual compounds, and the responses were analyzed with respect to the three groups. Selective learners showed discriminative responses to a few key compounds, while nonselective learners responded to all the compounds, and nonlearners to none. These results showed that complex odor recognition is based on the recognition of key components and relies on the ability of bees to learn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020919501871
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Proteinase Inhibitor Ingestion on Survival, Learning Abilities and Digestive Proteinases of the Honeybee (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; olfactory conditioning ; proteinases ; proteinase inhibitors ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The impact on beneficial insects of proteinase inhibitors expressed in pest-resistant transgenic crops needs to be assessed before the release of these plants into the environment. Three proteinase inhibitors, suitable for incorporation into oilseed rape, were tested on worker bees: the chicken egg white cystatin, oryzacystatin I (OCI) and Bowman-Birk soyabean inhibitor (BBI). Ingestion of low doses of the inhibitors did not cause short-term mortality, and a conditioned proboscis extension assay showed that olfactory learning performances were unchanged when the inhibitors were added to the reward. Long-term ingestion of BBI or OCI did not disrupt total digestive proteolytic activity, but ingestion of BBI induced a new proteinase form, suggesting the existence of a mechanism of control of proteinase synthesis in the honeybee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008813910751
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sunflower aroma detection by the honeybee (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 701-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect-plant relationships ; olfaction ; honeybee ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; sunflower ; allelochemicals ; coupling GC-EAG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Combined electrophysiological recordings (EAG) and gas chromatographic separation were performed in order to investigate which volatile chemical components of a sunflower extract could be detected by honeybee workers and thus are likely to trigger the foraging behavior. A direct coupling device allowed for the stimulation of the antennal receptors with individual constituents of a polar fraction of the flower aroma shown to be attractive to bees. More than 100 compounds were separated from the extract. Twenty-four compounds elicited clear EAG responses. These compounds were identified by mass spectrometry (electronic impact and chemical ionisation). Both short- and long-chain aliphatic alcohols, one short-chain aliphatic aldehyde, one acid, two esters, and terpenic compounds were found to stimulate the antennal receptors. Six compounds identified in previous behavioral experiments were found to exhibit EAG activity. The chemicals screened by this method may be used for recognition of the plant odor and the selective behavior of honeybees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01016481
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recognition of Complex Odors by Restrained and Free-Flying Honeybees, Apis mellifera (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2307-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; conditioned proboscis extension ; free-flying foragers ; olfactory discrimination ; floral volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Complex odor recognition in the honeybee was investigated using two behavioral assays: (1) the conditioning of the proboscis extension (CPE) with restrained individuals, and (2) the observation of foragers visiting an artificial feeder in a flight room. Nine compounds, previously identified as oilseed rape flower volatiles, were tested either individually or in mixtures. Different sets of experiments were done to determine: (1) the acquisition rate of the nine compounds in the CPE assay, and (2) the discrimination of the individual compounds after conditioning to a mixture, using the CPE assay and free-flying foragers. After conditioning to a complex mixture, honeybees established a hierarchy among the components, with some of them accounting for a major part of the behavioral activity of the mixture. Both behavioral assays led to the same classification of compounds, indicating good agreement between discriminating abilities of restrained individuals and of a population of foragers. The key compounds for recognition of these mixtures were those that were well learned when presented individually. However, the recognition of some compounds was affected by the other components of the mixture, with the activity of some compounds being either enhanced or reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005522826673
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Variability of Conditioned Probing Responses to a Fruit Odor in Leptopilina boulardi(Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae), a DrosophilaParasitoid (1998)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 28 (1998), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Leptopilina boulardi ; parasitoid ; genetic variability ; olfactory learning ; searching behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic variability of odor-conditioned probing behavior was investigated in a population of Leptopilina boulardi, a parasitoid of Drosophilalarvae. Ovipositor probing is the final step of host location, leading to the discovery of host larvae. It can be triggered by an odor previously experienced during an oviposition as a result of associative learning. This study was based on the analysis of female probing performance over two generations of isofemale lines (using both mother–daughter regressions and one-way analysis of variance). Individual performances of the conditioned response to the odor were characterized by (1) the latency (i.e., the time elapsed between the onset of the odor delivery and the start of the probing response), (2) the duration of the first probing phase, and (3) the total probing duration. Results suggested that the variability of two characters, the latency and the duration of the first probing phase, were under a genetic control in the studied population. This work is the first contribution to quantify the genetic component of this variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021412916449
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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