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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Superposition of the notched strength of composite laminates (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 1151-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An improved macroscopic model for predicting the strength of a composite laminate containing a circular notch is developed. Two constants are introduced which uniquely determine the notch sensitivity of a given material. A superposition method for the notched strength of composite laminates is developed which allows data for arbitrary materials and laminate configurations to be superimposed upon a single master curve. The influence of material orthotropy upon notched strength is discussed. A relative notch sensitivity parameter is introduced which allows quantification of the notch sensitivity of a given composite material system, stacking sequence, or laminate configuration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760191604
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A finite element formulation for highly anisotropic incompressible elastic solids (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1573-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A numerical approach is developed for the solution of problems of materials with extremely strong directions. Small deformations of a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid, reinforced by a single family of inextensible fibres, are considered. The kinematic constraint equations of incompressibility and inextensibility in the fibre direction lead to the appearance of an arbitrary hydrostatic pressure and an arbitrary tension stress in the constitutive equations. A Galerkin approach is used to discretize the virtual work and weak form of the constraint equations. Independent interpolation of the displacement, pressure and tension fields leads to a mixed system of equations, with characteristic zero-diagonal terms. The assumption of plane stress conditions in the plane of the fibres results in a simplified displacement-tension formulation, analogous to the primitive-variable formulation of Stokes flow. A mixed penalty approximation is then employed to solve for displacement and tension stress fields. Computations are carried out using a biquadratic displacement element with discontinuous bilinear tension stress interpolation. The formulation is used to solve a number of simple beam problems and the results compared to closed-form solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620330803
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Numerical prediction of three-dimensional fiber orientation in Hele-Shaw flows (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 848-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A numerical technique is developed to determine the three-dimensional fiber orientation in complex flows. The fiber orientation state is specified in terms of orientation tensors, which are used in several constitutive models. This method is applied to quasi-steady state Hele-Shaw flows in order to predict the flow-induced fiber orientation during injection molding at zero volume fraction limit. At the inlet, a number of fibers are introduced at a specified rate into the flow and each fiber location is traced during the mold filling. Along these determined paths, the independent components of fourth order orientation tensors are solved, describing the orientation state. The numerical grid generation technique, which is suitable for complex mold shapes, is employed for the flow solution. Orientation ellipsoids are calculated from the second order tensors and are used to present the fiber orientation results. The numerical solutions are obtained for channel and converging flows. Planar, longitudinal, and transverse orientation results are generated from the orthogonal projections of the orientation ellipsoids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301408
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process induces fiber orientation: Numerical simulation with experimental verification (1985)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 82-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The performance of short fiber molded composite structures is determined uniquely by the properties of the molding material and the process induced fiber orientation. Consequently, the capability to accurately predict the fiber orientation distribution is of fundamental importance in computer-aided mold design. Methodology for the numerical prediction of fiber orientation during the mold-fill process is presented for a short glass fiber thermoset (57 percent phenolic resin, 10 percent calcium carbonate filler, and 33 percent glass fiber by volume). On the basis of a finite element flow characterization, Jeffery's orientation equation is numerically integrated along streamlines to calculate fiber orientation. Correlation of experimental and numerical results for an end-gated bar with a molded-in hole is reasonably good.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750060204
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A modeling approach to thermoplastic pultrusion. II: Verification of models (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 184-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A set of mathematical models as a thermoplastic pultrusion process is evaluated. The predictions of the models are compared to experimentally obtained data in terms of composite temperature and pressure and process pulling force. The comparisons between predictions and experiments are made for two different material systems, two different die configurations, and a range of processing temperatures and speeds. The correlations between predictions and data are found to be favorable, indicating the soundness of the models.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140303
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A modeling approach to thermoplastic pultrusion. I: Formulation of models (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A fundamental understanding of the effects of processing parameters and die geometry in a pultrusion process requires a mathematical model in order to minimize the number of necessary experiments. Previous investigators have suggested a variety of models for thermoset pultrusion, while comparatively little effort has been spent modeling its less well understood thermoplastic counterpart. Herein, models to describe temperature and pressure distributions within a thermoplastic composite as it travels through the pultrusion line are presented. The temperature model considers heat transfer in an infinite slab with either prescribed boundary temperature, or prescribed heat flux from the surfaces. The pressure model is based upon matrix flow relative to the fibers and incorporates a non-Newtonian matrix viscous, compaction, and friction resistance, is also presented. The models are evaluated studying and ideal pultrusion process for manufacturing of unidirectional carbon-fiber-reinforced polyether ehterketone composites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140302
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The consolidation of commingled thermoplastic fabrics (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Commingled fabrics composed of yarns containing both the reinforcement and the matrix in fiber form are an innovative preform for thermoplastic composite materials. The material is consolidated into a rigid structure by the application of heat and pressure. A mathematical model of the consolidation process for commingled fabrics has been developed. The model predicts the variation of laminate thickness, fiber volume fraction, and void content during the consolidation process as well as the time required to reach full consolidation. Materials composed of initially separate, commingled or cowoven fiber bundles are considered. The influence of fiber velocity induced by compaction on the flow of matrix is accounted for. An equivalence factor has been derived so that a one-dimensional flow analysis may be used to model the impregnation of elliptical bundles of varying aspect ratio. This permits an analytic solution to the governing equation for fiber bundle impregnation. The model was utilized to examine the influence of various material and processing parameters on consolidation behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120607
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of surface treatment of pitch-based carbon fiber on mechanical properties of polyethernitrile composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The effect of surface treatment of pitch-based carbon fiber on a new engineering thermoplastic resin, polyethernitrile, was investigated. Pitch-based carbon fiber (CF) was treated in two separate oxidizing solutions. In the first method, a nitric acid solution was used as an oxidizing agent. In the second method, a hydrogen peroxide solution was used. Both methods demonstrated that each of these solutions was a satisfactory oxidizing agent for the pitch-based CF. These treated fibers were combined with polyethernitrile polymer by the powder impregnation method, and unidirectional laminates were obtained. Improvements in both interlaminar shear strength and transverse flexural strength were achieved. The laminates fabricated from the treated CF maintained the same longitudinal flexural strength as laminates from the untreated control. In addition, scanning electron micrographs of composite fracture surfaces also showed excellent bonding of the treated fiber.
    Zusätzliches Material: 26 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130104
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathologies associated with the numerical analysis of hyper-anisotropic materials (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 3487-3508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The rise in popularity of composite materials has brought to light the necessity of analysing materials exhibiting the kinematic constraint of directional inextensibility. Numerical phenomena associated with the analysis of such hyperanisotropic materials are described herein. The phenomena include: element locking dependent on fibre orientation, spurious tension modes and difficulties associated with elements possessing large material parameter ratios. To facilitate the present description, these phenomena are compared to, and contrasted with the well-documented problems associated with the analysis of incompressible or nearly incompressible media. Based on the results of eigenvalue analyses, elements satisfying the Babuška-Brezzi condition for incompressible media are found to perform rather poorly when analysing hyperanisotropic materials. These findings are supported by the results of a simple example.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620362006
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Test method evaluation for fiber-reinforced molding materials (1980)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 1 (1980), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Standard test methods ASTM D-651 for determining tensile properties and ASTM D-790 for flexure properties are evaluated. Heterogeneous fiber distributions due to molding flow conditions are shown to yield test specimens wherein fiber orientation near surfaces is highly collimated while orientations in central regions are oriented approximately transverse to the specimen axis. In addition, the converging and diverging flow fields in the dog bone (ASTM D-651) specimen with end gate are shown to yield a variation in fiber orientation along the specimen length. Finite element analysis of the dog bone (ASTM D-651) reveals that stress concentrations and a non-uniform stress distribution are introduced due to the required gripping arrangement of the test standard. The flexural specimen is decomposed into two elements of a collimated and transverse fiber orientations and a mathematical model is developed which reflects the composite behavior of the beam specimen. Finally, it is concluded that the D-651 and D-790 test methods do not reveal intrinsic design data for fiber reinforced molding materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750010111
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