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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 85 (1981), S. 1418-1428 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 48 (1956), S. 742-744 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Double-tailed surfactant ; isotropic phase ; vesicular dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of isotropic and lamellar phases in the binary systems of water and symmetric double-tailed alkylbenzenesulphonates, with the special emphasis on the vesicular dispersions, was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 350-350 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 812-834 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Kinetic measurements on alkylpyridiniumhalides are presented and the data are interpreted on the basis of the theory recently developed byG. Aniansson et äl. For most of the studied systems two relaxation times have been observed. Their dependence on surfactant concentration, temperature and concentration of counterions have been investigated. The fast relaxation time τ is characteristic for the shift of the distribution curve in the aggregation space. The total concentration of micelles remains constant during this process. The lifetime of a monomer in the micelle and its rate of insertion can be obtained from this relaxation time. The temperature dependence of τ1 gives the heat of reaction for the insertion of a monomer into the micelle. Furthermore, if the aggregation number of the micelle is known, the distribution width can be calculated too. In the theoretical section, a simple, but previously unknown method for the derivation of the relaxation equation is given. The slow relaxation time τ2 is essentially influenced by the concentration of oligomers at the distribution minimum, which can be regarded as nuclei for micelles. The concentration of these nuclei can be obtained from the measurements, and from the temperature dependence of τ2 the heat of reaction for the formation of the nuclei can be calculated. The relatively complicated dependence of the two relaxation times on the parameters total concentration, temperature and concentration of counterions can be quantitatively described and understood with the two relaxation equations. The investigations led to the surprising result, that the heat of reaction for the association of a monomer to an already existing aggregate depends on the size of this aggregate. With increasing aggregation numberΔH 1 varies from positive to negative values.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse von kinetischen Messungen an Alkylpyridiniumhalogeniden geschildert und diskutiert. Oberhalb der kritischen Mizellbildungskonzentration (cmc) konnten dabei an den meisten Systemen zwei Relaxationszeiten beobachtet werden, deren Konzentrations-, Temperaturund Gegenionenkonzentrationsabhängigkeit untersucht wurden. Nach einer vor kurzem entwickelten Theorie vonG. Aniansson et al. ist dabei die schnelle Relaxationszeit τ1 charakteristisch für die Verschiebung der Verteilungskurve im Aggregationsraum, wobei die Gesamtkonzentration der Mizellen konstant bleibt. Aus dieser Relaxationszeit kann die Lebensdauer eines Monomeren in der Mizelle sowie seine Einbau geschwindigkeit erhalten werden. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit von τ1 läßt sich die Reaktionsenthalpie für den Einbau eines Monomeren in die Mizelle gewinnen. Darüber hinaus kann bei bekannter Aggregationszahl die Verteilungsbreite erhalten werden. Im theoretischen Teil wird ein einfacher, aber vorher nicht bekannter Weg für die Herleitung der Relaxationsgleichung vorgestellt. Die langsame Relaxationszeit τ2 ist wesentlich bedingt durch die Konzentration der Oligomeren im Verteilungsminimum, die als Mizellkeime angesehen werden können. Die Konzentration dieser Keime läßt sich aus den Messungen gewinnen, und aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit von τ2 erhält man die Reaktionsenthalpie für die Keimbildung. Die relativ komplizierte Abhängigkeit der beiden Relaxationszeiten von den Parametern Totalkonzentration, Temperatur und Gegenionenkonzentration läßt sich quantitativ mit den beiden Relaxationsgleichungen beschreiben und verstehen. Die Untersuchungen führen zu dem überraschenden Ergebnis, daß die Reaktionsenthalpie für die Anlagerung eines MonomerenδH 1 an ein bereits vorhandenes Aggregat von der Größe dieses Aggregats abhängt. Mit wachsender Assoziationszahl variiertΔH 1 von positiven zu negativen Werten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 1042-1056 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Rodlike Micelles ; Micellar Interaction ; Rheology ; Light Scattering ; Electric Birefrugence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Conductivity, kinetic, static and dynamic light scattering, electric birefringence and rheological measurements were carried out on aqueous solutions of Tetradecylpyridinium-n-Heptanesulfonate (C14PyC7SO3) up to high concentrations. In dilute solutions between the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and another characteristic concentration (c t) spherical micelles were detected whose radii were independent of detergent concentration and equal to the length of a detergent molecule; the aggregation numbern of these micelles of about 100 monomers per micelle was also in agreement with the existence of normal spherical micelles of aC 14-detergent. Above the concentrationc t, the spherical micelles were found to grow to rodlike aggregates whose short axis was still independent of concentration and equal to the length of a monomer, while the lengthsL of the rods increased with increasing detergent concentration. When the lengthsL of the rods became comparable with the mean distancea between them, the starting interaction between the rods slowed down their growth. In this concentration range of overlapping rods, the data could be evaluated with a recently developed theory by Doi and Edwards for stiff rods. The rods reached finally a maximum length of about 500 å and decreased again in size upon further increase of concentration when the overlap ratioL/a reached a value of about 1,5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 604-611 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; light scattering ; dodecyldimethylaminoxide/hexanol/water ; iridescent phase ; bicontinuous sponge phase ; vesicle phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic observations and classical light-scattering measurements have been carried out for dodecyldimethylaminoxide/hexanol/water mixtures in the concentration range where iridescent colors occur. This system has two different iridescent phases. The iridescent phase with more hexanol forms quickly, and the phase with less hexanol forms very slowly. Three different isotropic phases which show strong flow birefringence are found near both iridescent phases. The electron microscopic pictures show clearly that only one of these isotropic phases with strong flow birefringence is a bicontinuous sponge phase (L3h -phase). This is the phase which comes out by adding some alkanol to the upper lamellar phase. The flow birefringent phase below the lower lamellar phase forms unilamellar vesicles. The flow birefringent phase which occurs between both iridescent phases contains multilamellar vesicles and is shown to be a precursor of a lamellar phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 59-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ; resistance ; tan spot ; yellow spot ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary No complete resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been located in more than 1400 bread wheats examined. Incomplete resistance, however, occurs at different levels in many spring and winter types and data are presented for the strongest sources of resistance detected. In particular, there is a high frequency of Brazilian spring wheats with appreciable levels of resistance to this pathogen. Recent international nurseries from CIMMYT, Mexico, also contain numerous potentially valuable sources of resistance and these wheats may be shorter and higher yielding in Australia than the Brazilian wheats. The resistances in many Brazilian cultivars may be largely common because the cultivars are often strongly interrelated. Some of the Brazilian wheats resistant to P. tritici-repentis are also resistant to one or more of the septoria diseases and/or possess tolerance to aluminium toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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