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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 2 (1978), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'hypothyroïdie est la complication postopératoire la plus fréquente de la thyroïdectomie pour hyperthyroïdie. Sa fréquence est inversement proportionnelle à la masse de tissu thyroïdien laissée en place. Les réactions auto-immunitaires destructrices, dont l'importance peut être mesurée par les anticorps antithyroïdiens circulants, sont peut-être un autre facteur prédisposant à l'hypothyroïdie postopératoire; on ne sait pas encore dans quelle mesure il faut en tenir compte pour déterminer le volume de tissu thyroïdien restant. L'expérience acquise en Islande suggère qu'un apport alimentaire riche en iode réduit la fréquence de l'hypothyroïdie et accroît le risque de récidive d'hyperthyroïdie. En Islande, il faut donc laisser relativement peu de tissu thyroïdien. Il apparait donc que des facteurs d'environnement jouent un rôle et qu'il faut, selon les pays, fixer empiriquement la taille “normale” du tissu thyroïdien restant pour obtenir un équilibre optimum entre hypothyroïdie et récidive d'hyperthyroïdie. Une fois la “norme” établie, on peut raisonnablement prédire la fréquence des hypothyroïdies postopératoires. Mais la prédiction individuelle est impossible et il est également impossible de choisir, en fonction du risque d'hypothyroïdie, le traitement de chaque malade. Même si on laisse beaucoup de tissu thyroïdien, quelques 15% des opérés deviendront hypothyroïdiens. Il s'agit peut-être de ce type de malades, décrits au début du siècle avant les thérapeutiques efficaces, chez qui l'histoire naturelle de la maladie évoluait vers l'eu- puis l'hypothyroïdie. Il semble que, chez certains malades, la chirurgie ne fait qu'accélérer le cours naturel de la maladie, ramassant en quelques semaines une évolution qui normalement se fait en mois ou même en années. Heureusement, l'hypothyroïdie postopératoire apparait en quelques 12–15 mois: si l'observation clinique est attentive, l'hypothyroïdie tardive est rare. La responsabilité médicale exige néanmoins un follow-up de longue durée pour tous les malades thyroïdectomisés.
    Notes: Abstract Postoperative hypothyroidism is the most common complication of thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis. Its incidence is inversely related to remnant size. Destructive autoimmunity, as measured by the presence of antithyroid antibodies in the serum, may be another of the factors predisposing to postoperative hypothyroidism, but the extent to which such considerations should influence remnant size is a matter for debate. Experience in Iceland suggests that high iodine ingestion is associated with a low incidence of hypothyroidism and a high rate of recurrent thyrotoxicosis; consequently, smaller remnants are obligatory in Iceland. Therefore, it would seem that environmental factors also play a part, and that a remnant “norm” for each locality should be determined empirically to achieve optimum balance between hypothyroidism and recurrent thyrotoxicosis. With the establishment of a “norm,” prediction of hypothyroidism for a group of patients is reasonably accurate. For the individual patient, postoperative status cannot be predicted and it is not possible to select for alternative methods of treatment patients who might be at risk of postoperative hypothyroidism. Irrespective of large remnant size, approximately 15% of patients will develop postoperative hypothyroidism. These may be the patients described at the turn of the century, before effective treatment became available, in whom the natural course of the disease progressed through euthyroidism to hypothyroidism. It would appear, for some patients at least, that surgery merely accelerates the natural course of the disease and compresses into a matter of weeks events which normally take several months and even years. Fortunately, postoperative hypothyroidism declares itself within 12–15 months and, if clinical scrutiny is sufficiently acute, late onset hypothyroidism is rare. The ethical responsibility remains for a prolonged follow-up of all postthyroidectomy patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 9 (1980), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Intravenous radionuclide cystography ; Incompetent ureteric orifices ; Vesico-renal reflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravenous radionuclide cystography (IVRNC) with one injection of 99m-Tc-DTPA measures renal function and detects vesico-renal reflux [1, 2,3]. This paper describes a possible means of detecting incompetent ureteric orifices during IVRNC examinations. In some patients a hold-up of material in the renal areas (stasis) was observed which suddenly cleared at micturition. A prospective study of 58 patients who had IVRNC and cystoscopy within 28 days of each other revealed that 76.3% had anatomically abnormal ureteric orifices on the same side as the stasis. This contrasted with only 12.8% of abnormal ureteric orfices found in patients not showing stasis (p〈0.005). As incompetent ureteric orifices are recognised as the major aetiological factor in vesico-renal reflux [4, 5, 6] this additional information gained at IVRNC could be of clinical use and perhaps avoid some cystoscopies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 8 (1979), S. 165-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Gamma camera renography ; Vesico-ureteral reflux ; Intravenous radionuclide cystography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study shows that Radionuclide imaging provides a simple method for detecting vesico-renal reflux in children, when an intravenous dose of 99mTc-D. T. P. A. is used as radioactive tracer. Forty-eight patients have been studied, of these twenty-eight also had intravenous pyelography with post-micturition films, micturating cystography, and cystoscopy. In this group of 28 patients the radionuclide imaging technique detected 25 refluxing ureters and 9 cases of bilateral vesico-renal reflux. Micturating cystography detected 12 refluxing ureters and only 3 cases were bilateral. Cystoscopy revealed 20 abnormal ureteric orifices and 6 patients had bilaterally abnormal orifices. Radionuclide imaging agreed with both the micturating cystograms and cystoscopic findings that reflux was occuring in 6 ureters. Radionuclide imaging agreed with the impression at cystoscopy that reflux was present in 18 ureters. Only 6 of the ureters diagnosed by micturating cystography as having reflux had abnormal ureteric openings at cystoscopy. The intravenous radionuclide imaging technique avoids the unpleasantness of catheterisation and its attendant risk of introducing infection. A lower dose of radiation is received than during radiological techniques. A renogram is obtained as part of the test. We believe this intravenous radionuclide imaging technique is a more “physiologically correct” test for vesico-renal reflux than any of the methods using catheterisation. Its limitations are that it is not so easy to use in hyperactive toddlers, nor does it give the anatomical definition that radiological techniques provide although improvements are expected with the latest gamma cameras and their associated equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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