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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virus genes 21 (2000), S. 27-37 
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HBV ; infection ; liver ; hepadnaviruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatitis B viruses are DNA viruses characterized by their very small genome size and their unique replication via reverse transcription. The circular genome has been efficiently exploited, thereby limiting genome variation, and leaves no space for genes in addition to those essentially needed during the viral live cycle. Hepatitis B viruses are prototype non-cytopathic viruses causing persistent infection. Human hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the closely related animal viruses, most frequently are transmitted vertically from mothers to their offspring. Because infection usually persists for many years, if not lifelong, hepatitis B viruses need efficient mechanisms to hide from the immune response of the host. To escape the immune response, they exploit different strategies. Firstly, they use their structural and non-structural proteins multiplely. One of the purposes is to alter the immune response. Secondly, they replicate by establishing a pool of stable extrachromosomal transcription templates, which allow the virus to react sensitively to changes in its microenvironment by up- or downregulating gene expression. Thirdly, hepatitis B viruses replicate in the liver which is an immunopriviledged site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 363 (1968), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Only one compound, SiCl4 · 2 HP(C2H5)2 (I) (m. p. -35°C) and HSiCl3 · 2 HP(C2H5)2 (II) (m. p. -58°C), respectively, is formed in each of the systems SiCl4/HP(C2H5)2 and HSiCl3/HP(C2H5)2. I and II completely dissociate in the vapour phase. The melting diagrams are given and discussed.
    Notes: In den Systemen SiCl4/HP(C2H5)2 und HSiCl3/HP(C2H5)2 ist jeweils nur eine Verbindung nachzuweisen; SiCl4 · 2 HP(C2H5)2 (I) (Smp. -36°C) und HSiCl3 · 2 HP(C2H5)2 (II) (Smp. -58°C). I und II sind in der Gasphase vollständig in die Komponenten zerfallen. Es werden die Schmelzdiagramme angegeben.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 369 (1969), S. 313-326 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Mn2O3 with anhydrous KOH, RbOH and NaOH lead to compounds of the type M1MnO2, and, in case of KOH and RbOH, also to MI2Mn4O7. NaMnO2 can be prepared in well-crystalline form from MnCO3 and Na2CO3 in air. Properties and thermal behaviour of these compounds are described. KMnO2 and RbMnO2 are extremely sensitive against O2 by quickly changing to MIMnO2.25 (MI4MnIII2MnIV2 O9). Report is given about the crystalline phase K2Mn4O7.8-8.0 and the course of the reaction MnO2 + 2KOH(RbOH). A very simple method is described for the preparation of Na3MnO4, K3MnO4 and Rb3MnO4.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Mn2O3 mit wasserfreiem KOH, RbOH und NaOH führt zu Verbindungen des Typs M1MnO2, im Falle des KOH und RbOH auch zu MI2Mn4O7. NaMnO2 ist in besonders gut kristallisierter Form an Luft auch aus MnCO3 und Na2CO3 erhältlich. Eigenschaften und thermisches Verhalten dieser Verbindungen werden beschrieben. KMnO2 und RbMnO2 sind extrem sauerstoffempfindlich und gehen bei Gegenwart von O2 schon bei Zimmertemperatur sehr schnell in M1MnO2,25 (MI4MnIII2MnIV2 O9) über. Über die kristalline Phase K2Mn4O7,8-8,0 und über die Reaktion MnO2 + 2KOH bzw. 2RbOH wird kurz berichtet. Für die Darstellung von Na3MnO4, K3MnO4 und Rb3MnO4 wird eine sehr einfache Methode angegeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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