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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 26 (1995), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Artificial recharge ; Sierra Nevada ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Alpujarra (southern Spain), every year between the March and June, an ancestral practice continues in the form of diverting water from the rivers by way of an extensive network of irrigation channels (acequias) to well-defined, highly permeable areas. This practice, known ascareos, constitutes an ancient example of artificial recharge. The objective is to guarantee a supply of drinking water during the dry months, as well as improve the physicochemical characteristics of the water. In addition, this system helps maintain moisture in the immediate environment, and thus has a positive effect on local vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 26 (1995), S. 232-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Overexploitation ; Hydrochemistry ; Karstic aquifer ; Conceptual model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The groundwater mining of the Crevillente aquifer (southeastern Spain) has resulted in the progressive deterioration of water quality, with particularly significant increases in chloride, sulfate, and sodium. The possibility of a vertical hydrochemical zoning is deduced that would require examining the importance of the geometry and lithology (evaporitic materials) in the salinization process. The time of water-rock contact (residence time) and dilution by infiltration of rainwater also influences the hydrogeochemistry of the aquifer. The hydrochemical data are useful in defining the conceptual model of the aquifer, completely karstified with relative homogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Nitrates ; Environmental tracer ; Agricultural activities ; Interconnection of aquifers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Relatively high concentrations of NO3 usually have their origin in processes of organic pollution and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. In the case of agricultural areas, these activities may generate great quantities of nitrates. This fact has enabled us to use the nitrate ion to characterize an exploited aquifer unit of a very complex aquifer system, as is the case for the Campo de Dalías aquifer system (SE Spain). The shallow boreholes, which draw water from intensively cultivated superficial formations, yield waters with a high NO3 content. When the boreholes are deeper and penetrate low-permeability formations in the superficial layers, the waters contain little NO3; similar to what happens in areas of recharge where agricultural activities are absent. In addition, using longitudinal sections, it is possible to demonstrate the possible existence of connections between superficial and deep aquifers using NO3 as a tracer. Similarly one can locate those sectors responsible for contamination caused by the poorly lined boreholes themselves, when they perforate more than one aquifer in a multiple aquifer formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The intensive agricultural activities that have developed over the last 50 years in the Campo de Dalias (Almeria region) have required large quantities of gravel and clay as the basic materials for the substrate over which crops are raised. With this motive, numerous gravel pits have been opened that have extracted several million cubic metres of material in recent years. Similar quantities of clay have been extracted from the distal sectors of the alluvial fans that descend from the Sierra de Gador, and from within a large endoreic basin. In the latter quarries, some wetlands have developed, probably because of the rise in the water-table level in the aquifer over which they lie. The gravel pits are situated in the apical sectors of the alluvial fans, overlying hydrogeological units that are widely overexploited. For this reason the gravel pits could be used for artificial recharge; in addition to increasing the availability of water in the aquifer, the risk of catastrophic flooding would also be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Tourist cave ; Human impact ; Speleothem degradation ; Biological weathering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Human intrusion on the Cave of Marvels (southwestern Spain) has produced a series of effects on the water (fall in the level of the pools due to pumping from nearby wells), the air (increased temperature and CO2 concentration as well as decreased relative humidity) and the rock. In addition, plant colonization, favored by the lighting system, has irreversibly altered numerous speleothems. The processes of degradation are especially intense in the sectors with less air volume and limited ventilation. The analysis of the cave deposits by scanning electron microscopy and thin section analysis revealed that floral pollution constitutes one of the most aggressive agents against the calcite and aragonite precipitates, being responsible for biochemical and biophysical degradation of the first order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Sea-water intrusion ; over-exploitation river recharge ; geological factors ; mathematical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation, geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 28 (1996), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Hydrogeochemistry ; Overexploitation ; CO2 ; Abandonment of wells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Alto Guadalentín detrital aquifer is both overexploited and polluted. Water conductivity ranges between 1200 and 4900 μS cm–1, HCO3 – between 1000 and 1990 mg l–1, and PCO2 between 0.041 and 1.497 bars. The temperature and chemical composition of the water show a positive thermal anomaly directly attributable to the neotectonic activity in the area. The high CO2 content has caused the abandonment of numerous wells due to water corrosiveness which attacks pumping equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Evaluation of recession hydrographs, from four karst springs in Europe, provides important information concerning the flow process operating in karst aquifer systems. Three analytic equations are used to evaluate the hydrographs: Mangin's equation, that assumes the recession is composed of both quickflow and baseflow; Coutagne's equation which considers the recession to be the response of a single reservoir; and a new function, Ht (which is derived from Coutagne's equation), that refers to the whole recession curve. Using Mangin's equation it is apparent that the saturated zone and thus baseflow exerts nearly complete control over the discharge of La Villa spring and is fairly important at Fuente Mayor and Baget springs, but is much less significant at Aliou spring. The saturated zone accounts for 100%, 90%, 91%, and 40% respectively for these springs. Using Coutagne's equation and Ht it is concluded that for Aliou and Baget springs, water flows freely in the high transmissive zones, but in the poorly transmissive zones, there is little continuity of connection in the system. At Fuente Mayor spring the differences in these zones are not so apparent and a gradual transition occurs. However, at La Villa spring, the karst aquifer is evidently much more homogeneous and the discharge is similar to that of a porous intergranular aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé: L'aquifère supérieur de la Dobrogée (nord-est de la Bulgarie) est constitué par des calcaires, des calcarénites, des sables, et probablement des calcaires dolomitiques d'âge messinien, dont l'épaisseur totale varie de 40 à 200 m. Dans la plus grande partie de la zone il est recouvert par des matériaux détritiques à faible perméabilité (loess) et à perméabilitéélevée (sables et alluvions). Des marnes et des argiles d'âges différents, selon les secteurs, constituent le substratum imperméable. L'ensemble peut être considéré comme un aquifère à fonctionnement karstique très peu accusé, à cause probablement de sa forte porosité, d'après la faible variation des debits des sources contrôlées. La nature de la couverture quaternaire joue un rôle important sur 'hydrogéochimie. Les principales sources de contamination sont liées aux activités agricoles, aux stabulations et aux usées urbaines; la teneur élevée en nitrates des eaux de nombreux puits en témoigne. L'intrusion marine, en tant que processus polluant, semble commencer dans quelques secteurs du bord orienta.
    Abstract: Resumen: El acuífero superior de la región de Dobrich, al noreste de Bulgaria, está constituido por calizas, calcarenitas, arenas y probablemente calizas dolomíticas de edad Messiniense, con un espesor total que varía entre 40 y 200 m. En la mayor parte del área se encuentra recubierto por depósitos de materiales detríticos, desde escasamente permeables (loess), a muy permeables (arenas y aluviones). Es sustrato impermeable está constituido por margas y arcillas de distintas edades. En el conjunto del acuífero, los procesos kársticos son muy poco acusados, según se deduce de la escasa variación de los caudales en las surgencias controladas. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia que desempeña en la hidroquímica la naturaleza del recubrimiento cuaterario, al tiempo que se deduce que los principales focos de contaminación están relacionados con las actividades agrícolas, las estabulaciones ganaderas y las aguas residuales urbanas, tal y como indica el elevado contenido en nitratos de las aguas de numerosos pozos. Fenómenos de intrusión marina parecen haberse iniciado en algunos sectores del borde oriental.
    Notes: Abstract: The upper aquifer of the Dobrich region, northeastern Bulgaria, is composed of limestone, calcarenite, sand and probably dolomitic limestone, of Messinian age; total thickness is 40–200 m. Most of the area is underlain by surficial deposits that include slightly permeable loess and highly permeable sand and alluvium. The nearly impervious substratum comprises marl and clay of varying age. In the aquifer as a whole karstic processes are not very pronounced, based on observations of the small variations in the discharges of the springs that have been monitored. The lithology of the Quaternary-age surficial deposits strongly influences the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the aquifer. The main sources of pollution are related to agricultural activities, corralled livestock, and urban wastewater, as indicated by the high nitrate contents of the water in numerous wells. Seawater intrusion is occuring in some eastern parts of the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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