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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Ten young beagle dogs were run on a treadmill for 1 year, the last 15 weeks 40 km/day. Thereafter bone anthropometric variables, elemental composition, mineral density (BMD) and serum markers of bone metabolism were analyzed and compared with matched-paired control dogs. More osteophytes developed, weight-bearing bones grew larger and BMD of axial skeleton was reduced in the trained group. Zinc and sodium accumulated in bones of the runners. Zinc correlated negatively with BMD. Serum osteocalcin and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen did not correlate with the observed differences in BMD. This experiment implies that intensive endurance training in adolescence may reduce the peak bone mass and alter the structural properties of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Synthèse du collagène ; Liaisons collagène ; Entraînement ; Rachis ; Disque intervertébral ; Collagen synthesis ; Collagen crosslinks ; Exercise ; Spine ; Intervertebral disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of long-term exercise on the intervertebral disc collagen concentration (hydroxyproline), collagen-synthesizing enzymes (prolyl-4-hydroxylase, PH, and galactosyl-hydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, GGT) and hydroxypyridinium crosslinks was studied in ten female beagle dogs. The dogs were run on a treadmill for 1 year starting at the age of 15 weeks. The daily running distance was gradually increased to 40 km, which distance the dogs ran for the final 15 weeks. Ten untrained dogs from the same breeding colony served as controls. The nucleus pulposus and anterior and posterior halves of the annulus fibrosus of C2–3, T10–12, L4–5 disc segments were analysed. Crosslinks were measured from the anterior annulus fibrosus of the T10–11 disc. Hydroxyproline and hydroxypyridinium concentrations remained similar in both groups. PH and GGT were significantly elevated by running in the posterior annulus fibrosus of the thoracic and lumbar discs and in the lumbar nucleus pulposus. In the thoracic nucleus pulposus GGT was reduced significantly. The results suggest activated collagen metabolism in the posterior annulus fibrosus of the thoracic and lumbar discs as a result of locally increased strains on the spine.
    Notes: Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'effet d'un entraînement au long cours sur la concentration discale en collagène (hydroxyproline), en enzymes intervenant dans la synthèse du collagène (prolyl-4-hydroxylase, PH et galactosyl-hydroxylysyl-glucosyltransférase, GGT) et en liaisons hydroxypyrinidium (Pyr) chez dix beagle femelles. Ces chiens ont été entraînés à la course pendant une année, à partir de l'âge de 15 semaines. La distance quotidiennement parcourue a été progressivement augmentée jusqu'à 40 km par jour durant les 15 dernières semaines. Dix chiens non entraînés et provenant du même élevage ont servi de témoins. La zone centrale des disques et les moitiés antérieure et postérieure de l'annulus provenant des disques C2-C3, T10–T11, T11–T12, et L4–L5 ont été soumises à une analyse biochimique. Les liaisons chimiques ont été étudiées au niveau des constituants de la partie antérieure de l'annulus du disque T10–T11. Les concentrations en hydroxyproline et en Pyr sont restées semblables dans les deux groupes. Sous l'action de la course, la PH et la GGT sont apparues significativement élevées dans la partie postérieure des anneaux fibreux des disques thoraciques et lombaires et dans les zones centrales des disques lombaires. Dans les zones centrales des disques thoraciques, la GGT était significativement réduite. Ces résultats laissent supposer que l'élévation du métabolisme du collagène dans la partie postérieure des anneaux fibreux thoraciques et lombaires résulte de l'augmentation locale du surmenage rachidien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 3 (1994), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Muscle fiber types ; Endurance training ; Spine ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The issue of whether exercise can induce changes in muscle fiber types has been long debated. Knowledge about the alterations in spinal muscle fiber types is scarce. In this study, the alterations initiated by long-distance running on spinal muscle fiber type distribution was studied. Ten young dogs were run on a treadmill for 55 weeks, 5 days a week, and ten dogs from the same litters served as controls. The daily running distance was gradually increased to 40 km and maintained at that level for the final 15 weeks. Histological sections were prepared from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar multifidus muscles and the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii and analyzed for the fiber type composition and cross-sectional area of fibers. In the lumbar multifidus, the numerical percentage of the muscle fibers with low oxidative capacity (type II) increased significantly in the running group. However, in the thoracic and cervical spine multifidus, the response to running resembled more of the significant shift from type II to type I fibers (with high oxidative capacity), which was also observed in the triceps brachii muscle. In these muscles, the quantitative image analysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) reaction also demonstrated a shift towards a higher oxidative capacity within the type II fibers. The results show that training can induce changes in fiber type composition not only in limb muscles but also in the stabilizing spinal muscles. The additional stress induced by running exercise was apparently highest in the thoracic and cervical spine. It modulated the muscle fiber composition towards the types with high oxidative capacity and capable of tonic contraction. Comparison of the present results with earlier analyses on these dogs suggests that the recruitment of certain muscle fiber types predicts the influence of exercise on the intervertebral discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A biotinylated complex of aggrecan G1-domain and link protein was used to characterize the distribution of hyaluronan in paraffin-embedded sections of adult human and canine intervertebral disc and cartilage endplate. Limited chondroitinase ABC and trypsin digestions of the sections before staining was utilized to expose hyaluronan potentially masked by aggrecan. Hyaluronan concentration and hyaluronan to uronic acid ratio in different parts of the discs were measured as a background for the histological analysis. Hyaluronan staining was strong in the nucleus pulposus and inner parts of annulus fibrosus of both species, corroborated by biochemical assays of the same compartments. Particularly in human samples, hyaluronan in the interterritorial matrix of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus was readily accessible to the probe without enzyme treatments. In contrast, the cell-associated hyaluronan signal was enhanced after trypsin or limited chondroitinase ABC-treatment of the sections, suggesting that pericellular hyaluronan was more masked by aggrecan than in the distant matrix. A puzzling feature of canine cartilage endplate cells was their intensive cell-associated hyaluronan signal, part of which appeared intracellular. Hyaluronan was abundant between the collagenous lamellae in annulus fibrosus, perhaps important in the plasticity of this tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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