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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calculation of the possible depletion of ozone by chlorofluorocarbons using a two-dimensional model (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 355-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ozone depletion ; Chlorofluorocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from a two-dimensional, time-dependent model of the atmosphere which has been used to investigate perturbations to the ozone layer due to chlorofluorocarbons. The unperturbed stratosphere is modelled well with the observed features of the ozone distribution reproduced. The main features of the perturbation calculations are the large latitudinal and seasonal variations found in the modelled ozone reductions with greates reductions where the total ozone amounts are largest. The importance of at least a two-dimensional study in problems of this kind is stressed and the important role of dynamical and radiative processes, as well as chemical, is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586458
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean meridional circulations of the stratosphere and mesosphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 307-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Two-dimensional model ; Planetary waves ; Heat flux ; Momentum flux ; Rayleigh friction damping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations from the Nimbus 6 pressure modulator radiometer (PMR) have been used to estimate monthly mean planetary wave fluxes of heat and momentum in the stratosphere and mesosphere. While the eddy heat fluxes play an important role in the mean meridional circulation of the winter stratosphere they are shown to be less important in the upper mesosphere. Incorporation of the observed momentum fluxes into the Oxford two-dimensional circulation model has shown that they are incapable of providing the momentum transport necessary to balance the zonal flow accelerations induced by the mean meridional motion. Other unspecified transfer processes represented by Rayleigh frictional damping of the zonal fow are shown to dominate. In contrast the observed fluxes in the stratosphere achieve the necessary redistribution of momentum. Moreover their interannual variability profoundly influences the stratospheric circulation, as demonstrated in the model by the use of two different annual sets of observed momentum fluxes. The desirability of calculating the planetary wave behaviour within the model is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586456
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of heterogeneous reaction rates for stratospheric trace gases with particular reference to the diffusional uptake of HCl and ClONO2 by polar stratospheric clouds (1995)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 13 (1995), S. 406-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stratosphere holds a variety of particulates like polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and sulphate aerosols which catalyse chemical reactions. These reactions cause changes in the composition of the stratosphere, including the redistribution of active chlorine which might lead to ozone destruction. As a result during recent years a lot of effort has been directed towards the quantification of the uptake of trace gases like ClONO2, HCl, etc. into these particulates. However, it has been observed that many of the two and three dimensional models used in such studies are constrained by the lack of adequate rate constant data. This paper describes a theoretical approach to estimate the reaction rate constants for 23 gases on both types of polar stratospheric clouds (type I and II). It is found that for gases like N2O5, ClONO2 and HCl, diffusional uptake is important and contributes significantly to the heterogeneous reaction rate. A complete Lennard-Jones calculation is used to accurately compute the trace gas diffusion coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0406-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly vibrationally excited oxygen as a potential source of ozone in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 351 (1991), S. 217-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Theoretical model studies3'5 have made use of large satellite data sets to investigate the atmospheric ozone budget. The models underestimated upper stratospheric ozone concentra-tions by 30-50%. A more recent study6 concluded that the constrained model calculations of ozone up to altitudes of 50 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351217a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation of OH concentration from satellite infrared measurements of NO 2 and HNO 3 (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 690-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the upper stratosphere, NO2 and HNO3 are in equilibrium to a good approximation through the reactions HN03 + OH - N03 + H2O J and we can write [N02] . [HN03]" (1) Thus, with knowledge of the concentrations of NO2 and HNO3 and /3, /q and /c2, respectively the photolysis rate and rate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/305690a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ozone depletion on atmospheric CH 4 and CO concentrations (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 595-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Satellite observations, combined with balloon-borne and ground-based measurements, have shown that global strato-spheric ozone has significantly decreased during the last decade with the main reduction taking place in the lower stratosphere5. In 1991, global ozone started to decrease ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371595a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antarctic chemistry to blame (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 329 (1987), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OZONE depletion in the atmosphere is a cause for great concern, and the role of the Antarctic is of special interest. Last August to November, a collaboration of four groups, the National Ozone Expedition, made ground-based and balloon measurements at McMurdo, the first comprehensive survey of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329103a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future aircraft and global ozone (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 354 (1991), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The impact of the proposed development of commercial fleets of high-speed civil transport aircraft flying in the stratosphere has been studied by Johnston et a/.1, who calculated significant global ozone reductions due to NOX (NO and NO2) emission, but considered only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354193b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone depletion by CIONO 2 photolysis (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] High levels of C1ONO2 have been observed in both hemi-spheres at the edges of the polar winter vortex3'4 and inside the Arctic spring vortex5. We show here for two cases that ozone depletion does not cease once C1ONO2 is formed: (1) assuming that at high latitudes (65° N) all the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365037a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of sulphur photochemistry in tropical ozone changes after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ozonesonde measurements averaged over August and Sep-tember 1991 show that the concentration of O3 had substantially decreased in the tropical lower stratosphere compared with measurements averaged over the quarter preceding the Mount Pinatubo eruption1. The maximum O3 reduction (18-20%) was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362331a0
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