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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Queens ofBombus terrestris inhibit the activity of worker corpora allata by means of a pheromone which is produced in their mandibular glands. Exstirpated and homogenized glands as well as an extract of the queen's body surface show the same inhibitory effect as a living unmutilated queen. The pheromone remains on the body only for 1 day after the queen has been killed. The activity of the corpora allata of workers was determined volumetrically as well as by means of a juvenile hormone synthesis in vitro assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 70 (1970), S. 144-174 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Durch Ausschaltungsversuche an dem Polychaeten Platynereis dumerilii wurde versucht, den Sitz der endogenen Komponente der tagesrhythmischen Chromatophorenaktivität zu lokalisieren. Die endogene circadiane Chromatophorenrhythmik kann in Dauerlicht prinzipiell von jedem einzelnen Segment für eine gewisse Zeit aufrechterhalten werden. Dies gilt auch für Fragmente ohne Bauchmark. Daß die phasengerechte Pigmentexpansion bzw. -kontraktion auch noch an Hautisolaten festgestellt werden konnte, könnte für eine endogene Komponente der circadianen Rhythmik in jeder einzelnen Pigmentzelle sprechen. 2. Sowohl intakte Tiere als auch dekapitierte Tiere mit implantiertem Prostomium und Tiere ohne Prostomium sind in der Lage, ihre circadiane Chromatophorenrhythmik mit einem invertiertem Zeitgeberprogramm zu synchronisieren. Fragmente der vordersten Region passen sich den veränderten Belichtungsverhältnissen in ihrer Chromatophorenrhythmik nur an, wenn entweder eine nervöse Verbindung zum Oberschlundganglion besteht oder wenn sie mit den Segmenten der hinteren Region im Zusammenhang bleiben. Im letzteren Fall können sowohl das Bauchmark als auch die Blutgefäße durchtrennt sein. Diese Ergebnisse lassen auf einen doppelten Steuerungsmechanismus schließen: 1. nervös durch das Oberschlundganglion und 2. humoral durch einen Faktor, der am stärksten in der Region zwischen dem 30. und 40. Segment gebildet wird. Wahrscheinlich breitet sich dieser humorale Faktor von dieser Region aus in der Coelomflüssigkeit aus. 3. Acetylcholin bewirkt bei Hautisolaten in niederer Konzentration (1∶15000) Pigmentkontraktion, in höherer Konzentration (1∶1000) Pigmentexpansion. Möglicherweise erfolgt somit die nervöse Steuerung durch das Oberschlundganglion über cholinerge Nervenfasern. Andere Transmittersubstanzen blieben wirkungslos. Die Existenz eines humoralen Faktors ließ sich an isolierten Hautstückchen von Dauerlicht-Tieren durch Applikation von Coelomflüssigkeit aus LD-Tieren nachweisen: Stammte die Coelomflüssigkeit von Tieren, die gerade in die Dunkel-Phase ihrer Rhythmik kamen, so ballten sich die Pigmente im Isolat; im umgekehrten Fall breiteten sie sich aus. Pigmentausbreitung konnte bei Hautisolaten auch durch Zugabe von L-Histidin, L-Arginin, L-Methionin und Histamin erzielt werden, Pigmentballung von DL-Tryptophan und L-Leucin. 4. Der nächtliche Ausbreitungsgrad der Pigmente zeigt im Verlauf eines 28tägigen Belichtungszyklus regelmäßige Schwankungen, die auch bestehen bleiben, wenn einmal die eigentlich fällige nächtliche Belichtung nicht gegeben wird. Auf eine außer der Reihe gegebene nächtliche Zusatzbelichtung reagieren die Tiere exogen mit Pigmentausbreitung. Die Ergebnisse gelten für Tiere mit und ohne Prostomium.
    Notes: Summary 1. Extirpation experiments on the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii were designed in order to find out where the circadian rhythms of chromatophors are localized. It could be shown that every segment possesses the possibility to keep up its own endogenous circadian rhythm of chromatophors in continous light even without ventral nerve cord. The expansion and contraction of pigments in phase even in isolated pieces of skin suggest that an endogenous component of circadian rhythm is located in every chromatophor. 2. Intact animals as well as decapitated animals with implanted prostomium and animals without prostomium possess the possibility to synchronize their diurnal rhythms of chromatophors with an inverted program of Zeitgeber. Fragments of the anterior region adapt to a changed phase of lighting only if there is a nervous connexion to the segments of the posterior region. In the last case the ventral nerve cord as well as the blood vessels could be separated. These results indicate a double mechanism of regulation: 1. nervously through the supraoesophageal ganglion and 2. humorally by a factor produced mainly in the region between segments 30 and 40. Probably the humoral component diffuses from this region in to the coelomic fluid. 3. In isolated pieces of skin acetylcholin in low concentration (1∶15000) effects a contraction of pigments, in higher concentration (1∶1000) a pigment expansion. Therefore the nervous regulation by the supraoesophageal ganglion is probably controlled by cholinergic nerve fibres. Other transmitter substances had no effect in the tested concentrations. By application of coelomic fluid from animals cultivated in light-dark-cycles to pieces of skin isolated from animals kept in continous light the existence of a humoral factor could be demonstrated: If the coelomic fluid was taken from animals beginning the dark phase of their rhythm the pigments in isolated skin contracted; coelomic fluid from animals beginning the light phase of their rhythm expanded the pigments of the skin. Pigment expansion in isolated pieces of skin could also be effected by application of L-histidin, L-arginin, L-methionin and histamin. Pigment contraction followed application of DL-tryptophan and L-leucin. 4. The degree of pigment expansion is regularly altered at night during the course of a 28 day cycle even though for one of these nights the usual light was not given. When light was given during one of the else darkened nights of the cycle the animals exogenously reacted with an intensified nightly expansion of pigments. These results are valid for intact animals as well as for animals without prostomium.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The contribution of ovaries and ovarian ecdysteroids to dominance and nest initiation was tested in foundresses of Polistes gallicus at the end of hibernation. Removal of the ovaries resulted in a significant decrease of the ecdysteroid titre in haemolymph. Dominance in ovariectomized foundresses was found to be closely correlated to the size of corpora allata. The operated wasps started nest building, but they did not show any egg-laying behaviour. We conclude that both juvenile hormone and ovarian ecdysteroids contribute to degree of dominance, and that factors other than ovary development may stimulate building.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Laboratory studies on overwintered foundresses of Polistes gallicus show that differences in the endocrine activity are mainly responsible for achieving the dominance rank. Females that became dominant had either larger corpora allata or more developed ovaries than subordinate females. Body size did not contribute to dominance rank. Since a correlation exists between the length of terminal oocytes and the ecdysteroid titre in haemolymph as well as between the volume of corpora allata and the synthesis of juvenile hormone, dominant behaviour is thought to depend upon an elevated hormone titre in haemolymph. Injections of juvenile hormone (JHI) and 20-hydroxyecdysone, separately and simultaneously, significantly increased the probability that the treated female would be the dominant female of a test pair. After a hierarchy has been established, endocrine activity in subordinate foundresses is inhibited by the dominant foundress that then monopolizes reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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