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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antenatal fetal heart rate variation in relation to the respiratory and metabolic status of the compromised human fetus (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 95 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Three groups of women were delivered by caesarean section before labour: for an abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) trace (21 cases, group 1), or for maternal deterioration in severe pre-eclampsia without gross fetal heart rate abnormalities (20 cases, group 2), or to avoid mechanical difficulties in labour at term (30 cases, group 3). The mean gestational ages of the first two groups were 32 weeks with a high proportion of infants small-for-gestational-age. In group 1, FHR variation (mean range of pulse intervals) was less than half (20·6 SE 1·2 ms) of the normal value at the same age (44·4 SE 1·5 ms). This was associated with hypoxaemia (mean umbilical artery Po2 of 6 mmHg at delivery), with evidence of compensation shown by an elevated amniotic fluid erythropoietin. The fetuses were hypoglycaemic and had greater umbilical artery blood alanine concentrations, but no large changes in adenine nucleotide or endorphin plasma concentrations. Although there was a minor degree of respiratory acidaemia at birth, there was not significant metabolic acidaemia. The results demonstrate that the reduced variation of ‘suboptimal’ and ‘decelerative’ fetal heart rate records is associated with fetal hypoxaemia and evidence of nutritional deprivation, but not with asphyxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06501.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peri-operative endocrine effects of etomidate (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigated the effects of etomidate on endocrine responses to anaesthesia and surgery. Patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy received standard anaesthetics of either etomidate for induction with etomidate infusion, or thiopentone and halo thane. Etomidate suppressed the secretion of cortisol and aldosterone for between 8 and 22 hours after the end of the etomidate infusion; 11-deoxycortisol secretion was not suppressed during the etomidate infusion, but rose postoperatively; 17α-hydroxyprogesterone suppression also lasted only as long as the etomidate infiion. There were no effects on plasma oestradiol, A CTH, or prolactin, but growth hormone concentrations were elevated in the etomidate group. Etomidate was concluded to have influenced adrenocortical function only, where it probably inhibits 11 β-hydroxylation, 17 α-hydroxylation and other intramitochondrial hydroxylation reactions. There were no clinical sequelae attributable to adrenocortical suppression. The relationship of chemical structure of etomidate and other phenylated imidazoles to inhibition of steroidogenesis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10702.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous Opioid Peptides and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Function (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 48 (1986), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.002523
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Modulation of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor-41 Secretion from the Rat Hypothalamus in vitro (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is increasing evidence for a centrally mediated inhibitory effect of the amino-acid neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the present study, the direct effect of GABA in modulating the release of the 41-residue corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41), the major CRF identified so far, was investigated in acute hypothalamic explants by utilizing previously validated incubation and assay techniques. While GABA (10-7’to 10-5 M) had no effect on basal CRF-41 release (P 〉 0.05), it significantly suppressed K - (28 mM)-stimulated release in a dose-dependent manner (P 〈 0.01). A similar inhibitory effect was observed with the GABA agonist muscimol (10-7 to 10-5 M). Noradrenaline (10-6 M) -induced CRF-41 release was also significantly inhibited by GABA 10-6 M. The inhibitory effect of GABA on K+-stimulated CRF-41 secretion was completely. reversed by the GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin (10-6 to 10-5 M) in a dose-dependent fashion. Both bicuculline and picrotoxin stimulated basal and K+ (28 mM)-stimulated CRF-41 release, indicating the presence of tonic inhibition by endogenous GABA in the basal state. Finally, GABA 10-5 M was able to significantly inhibit the stimulated release of CRF-41 from the isolated median eminence.In summary, the present data provide strong evidence that GABA-induced inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated, at least in part, through an inhibitory action on CRF-41 secretion. It is likely that these GABA receptors are located directly on CRF-41 neurons, probably on nerve terminals in the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00854.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of Alpha-Adrenoceptors Facilitates the Release of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone from Rat Hypothalamus in vitro (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 1 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While extensive evidence suggests that adrenoceptors play an important role in the control of growth hormone in the rat, there are few studies involving the direct measurement of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). We have therefore developed a radioimmunoassay for rat GHRH, and used it to investigate the modulation of GHRH release by noradrenaline from incubated rat hypothalamus in vitro. The GHRH radioimmunoassay had no significant cross-reactivity with other hypothalamic or GHRH-related peptides, and was sensitive to 4 pg/tube; intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 6% and 12% respectively. Single incubated rat hypothalami produced a stable and readily measurable output of GHRH in successive 20 min incubations after an initial 60 min preincubation; the release of GHRH was increased in the presence of 56 mM KCI, but did not respond to KCI-depolarization when calcium was excluded from the medium. Stimulated GHRH release was identical to synthetic rat GHRH(1–43) on high-performance liquid chromatography and Sephadex G-75 chromatography.Noradrenaline stimulated GHRH secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range 10−10— 10−6M, with a plateau in response at 10−7M. Stimulation with noradrenaline 10−7M was blocked by idazoxan 10−5M and attenuated by thymoxamine 10−5M, but was unaffected by timolol 10−5M. Both the α2-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine, and the α1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine, specifically stimulated GHRH secretion.It is concluded that noradrenaline stimulates the release of GHRH at both α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00091.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenal vein and arterial levels of catecholamines and immunoreactive metenkephalin in canine endotoxin shock and their response to naloxone (1988)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 319-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Metenkephalin ; Shock: Endotoxin ; Naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The alterations in plasma levels of immunoreactive metenkephalin (ir-metenkephalin) and catecholamines in adrenal vein and arterial blood in response to endotoxin, as well as the effects of subsequent naloxone administration, have been investigated in a canine model. Animals were anaesthetised with alpha choloralose and allowed to breathe spontaneously. The left lumbar adrenal vein was cannulated and an intermittent choke allowed retrograde sampling of the adrenal effluent. Severe shock was produced by the administration of a large bolus ofE. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/kg per hour). One hour after induction of shock the circulating volume was expanded using a colloidal gelatin solution. Thirty minutes later one group of five animals received a bolus of naloxone (2 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion of (1.5 mg/kg per hour), while a control group of five animals was given an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. The production of endotoxin shock was associated with marked increases in adrenal vein and systemic levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Naloxone administration transiently limited the fall in adrenal vein levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (P 〈 0.05) following volume replacement and was associated with a sustained increase in systemic adrenaline levels (P 〈 0.05). Changes in mean arterial pressure confirmed a significant haemodynamic response to naloxone (P 〈 0.05). Alterations in ir-metenkephalin levels in the adrenal vein closely followed the changes in catecholamines, whereas arterial levels rose progressively and were unaffected by naloxone. We conclude that in canine endotoxin shock the opiate antagonist naloxone can transiently increase catecholamine levels in the adrenal effluent and produce a more sustained rise in systemic adrenaline levels. Moreover, the adrenal medulla is not the only source of circulating ir-metenkephalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851200
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to high-dose corticosteroid therapy in canine endotoxin shock (1988)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Endogenous opioid peptides ; Shock: Endotoxin ; Steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to endotoxin administration and the effects of subsequent high-dose corticosteroid therapy have been investigated in dogs. Shock was induced in anaesthetised animals by a large bolus ofE. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/kg per hour). One hour after induction of shock, the circulating volume was expanded using a colloidal gelatin solution. Fifteen minutes later, one group of five animals received a bolus of methylprednisolone sodium succinate 30 mg/kg, while a control group of five animals was given an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. The administration of endotoxin produced reductions in mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and left ventricular dp/dtmax, together with increases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. These haemodynamic changes were associated with increases in arterial plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, immunoreactive β-endorphin and immunoreactive metenkephalin. Cardiovascular improvement followed volume replacement and was associated with reductions in circulating catecholamines. No significant haemodynamic or neuroendocrine changes were demonstrated in the 2 h following steroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to preserve fertility in patients with Hodgkin's disease (1987)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 19 (1987), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that the “down-regulated” gonad is less vulnerable to the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease has been investigated. Thirty men and eighteen women were randomly allocated to receive an agonist analogue of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone prior to, and for the duration of, cytotoxic chemotherapy. Buserelin (d-Ser-[TBU]6 LHRH ethylamide) was prescribed in two different dosage schedules to twenty men, and in a single dosage schedule to eight women. A standard gonadotrophin-releasing hormone test (GnRH 100 μg) was performed 1 week prior to and on day 1 of each cycle of chemotherapy. In all patients peak luteinizing hormone responses to GnRH were suppressed throughout treatment. The higher of the two dosage schedules used in the men caused more effective suppression of luteinizing hormone, and both regimens led to an initial suppression of peak follicle-stimulating hormone responses to GnRH, which was not maintained. At followup assessment up to 3 years from the completion of treatment, all men treated with buserelin were profoundly oligospermic and four of the eight women were amenorrhoeic. All ten male controls were profoundly oligospermic, and six of nine female controls were amenorrhoeic. In the dosages and schedules investigated, buserlin was ineffective in conserving fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254570
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actopic ACTH production by a thymic carcinoid tumour (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 590-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Ectopic ACTH ; Endorphins ; Thymic carcinoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ACTH-producing thymic carcinoid tumour was diagnosed in a 10-year-old girl, 8 years after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome. The peptides produced by the tumour were characterised thoroughly. High circulating levels of β-endorphin and other peptides may have contributed to mood and behaviour disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467360
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