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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 22 (1972), S. 425-433 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Energy storage in chromospheric flux ropes is discussed, in the context of solar flares. The structure is represented by a cylindrically symmetric magnetic field of finite length. The field is assumed to be approximately force-free. The stability of the field to a kink perturbation is investigated. Flux ropes are rooted in dense photospheric material. So the ends of the field lines are taken to be fixed on rigid boundaries for all perturbations. An energy perturbation method is used and the boundary conditions give a stabilizing effect. It is shown that for a moderate degree of twisting the fields are stable to a kink perturbation. Thus energy can be stored in cylindrical fields prior to release in a solar flare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 22 (1972), S. 443-449 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that differential rotation of the photospheric magnetic fields will induce currents in the corona. The work done against surface magnetic stresses will increase the energy content of the coronal magnetic field. The electrical conductivities are high and the foot points of field lines move with the differential rotation. The force-free field equations are solved with this constraint to obtain a minimum estimate of the energy increase for a quadrupole field. During a solar rotation the magnetic energy increases by 25%. Local release of this energy in the corona would have a significant effect. The expansion of field lines as a result of the differential rotation should increase the amount of flux and the field strength in the solar wind region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 30 (1973), S. 421-437 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The topological associations between Hα structures and magnetic fields are examined for an active region observed on two different dates. The structures seen in the on and off band of Hα filtergrams are compared with the contour maps of magnetic fields at the level of magnetogram observations. Similar comparisons are made also with the configurations of force-free magnetic lines of force at various heights evaluated with the use of formulations developed previously by Nakagawa and Raadu (1972). Among the results of significance, we may note that (1) Hα plages could be identified with regions of magnetic field larger than ±80 G, (2) the network of bright dots seen in Hα -1 Å filtergrams follow closely ±80 G contours. (3) stable prominences lie along either neutral lines or valleys of magnetic fields, (4) the configuration of magnetic lines of force shows discrete domain structures suggesting bipolar nature of local magnetic fields, and (5) within a domain the configuration is governed apparently by evalutional consequences. Details of analyses are described with discussions on the limitations and possible future improvements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 55 (1978), S. 125-138 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The role of electrostatic instabilities in the critical ionization velocity mechanism is investigated. The analysis is based on the theory developed by Sherman, which interprets Alfvén's critical velocity in terms of a circular process. This process involves the acceleration of electrons by a two-stream instability modified by the presence of a magnetic field. A general expression for the energy and momentum of ions and electrons associated with an electrostatic mode is derived in terms of the plasma dielectric constant. This is used in the case of the modified two-stream instability to determine the distribution of energy between ions and electrons. An extrapolation from the linear phase then gives an estimate of the energy delivered to the electrons which is compared to that required to ionize the neutral gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 74 (1981), S. 189-206 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An evacuation process due to the growth of current driven instabilties in a plasma is discussed. The process, which leads to localized extreme density reductions, is related to the formation of electrostatic double layers. The initial linear phase is treated using the superposition of unstable plasma waves. In the long wavelength, non-dispersive limit, a density dip — which is initially present as a small disturbance — grows rapidly and remains localized in the plasma. The process works for a variety of plasma conditions provided a certain current density is exceeded. For a particular choice of plasma parameters the non-linear development is followed, by solving the coupled Vlasov-Poisson equations by finite difference methods. The evacuation process is found to work even more effectively in the non-linear phase and leads to an extreme density reduction within the dip. It is suggested that the growth of such structures produces weak points within the plasma that can lead to the formation of double layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 20 (1971), S. 64-77 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The topological character of a new type of solution representing a force-free magnetic field near bipolar sunspots is examined. It is shown that some of the observed topological features of chromospheric fibrils and filaments in Hα can be interpreted in terms of the configuration of the magnetic lines of force of the present solution. In particular, by the examples considered the observed twisted S-shape topology of lower lying fibrils and the orientation of prominences (higher filaments) associated with sunspots are successfully reproduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 25 (1972), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various manners of determination of a magnetic field are reviewed briefly from the standpoint of practicality and uniqueness. Then a practical representation of magnetic fields in terms of a class of force-free magnetic field is described. The proposed scheme is based on the physical consideration that in the chromosphere and lower corona a quasistatic magnetic field must be nearly force-free and that for the class of force-free magnetic field, i.e., ∇×B=αB with α = constant, the magnetic field can be determined uniquely from the observed distribution of the vertical component of a magnetic field. The applicability of the representation is demonstrated by examples and the limitations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 43 (1975), S. 177-188 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutral current sheets are expected to form in the solar atmosphere when photospheric motions or the emergence of new magnetic flux causes oppositely directed magnetic fields to be pressed together. Magnetic energy may thus be stored slowly in excess of the minimum energy associated with a purely potential field and released suddenly during a solar flare. For simplicity, we investigate the neutral sheet which forms between two parallel line dipoles when either the distance between them decreases or their dipole moments increase. It is found that, when the dipoles have approached by an amount equal to a tenth of their original separation distance, the stored energy is comparable with that released in a major flare. In addition, a similarity solution for one-dimensional magnetohydro-dynamic flow within such a neutral sheet is presented; it demonstrates that rapid conversion of magnetic energy into heat is possible provided conditions at the edge of the neutral sheet are changing sufficiently quickly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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