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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conventional Electrocardiogram in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia-Cardiomyopathy and Idiopathic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia up to now is a rare cardiomyopathic entity with certain difficulties in clinical definition of diagnostic criteria. In 42 patients with major and minor criteria of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and 25 patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia, the role of conventional ECG in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was reevaluated.Methods: In standard 12-lead ECG, QRS duration was measured in limb lead D1, and in V1-V6. A ratio of the sum of right (V2+ V3) and left (V4+ V5) was calculated. T wave inversions, Epsilon wave, and mechanisms of advancing right bundle branch block were analyzed.Results: In 39 out of 42 patients (93%) with the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, a ratio of right and left precordial QRS duration of 〉1.2, a maximum right precordial QRS duration of 〉 100 ms in 10 cases (26%) and 〉110 ms in 29 cases (74%) could be found. Incomplete right bundle branch block with right precordial T inversions was found in one case. The ECG in two patients revealed a precordial R/S transition in V1 or V2; in all other cases, R/S transition was localized in V3 or V4. R peak time was normal (〈 0.04 s) in all cases, a “notching” or “slurring” of the S wave was striking in 16 cases. T wave inversions were found in 27 cases and definite Epsilon wave in only one case. Although incomplete right bundle branch block and certain preforms could also be disclosed in four patients with idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia, localized right precordial QRS prolongation could be excluded in all but one of these cases. Localized right precordial QRS duration prolongation in one case was probably due to a rotation of the heart with a precordial R/S transition between V1 and V2.Conclusion: Localized right precordial QRS prolongation in a normal precordial R/S transition: (a) seems to be the most important aspect of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia at conventional ECG, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% in order to distinguish idiopathic RVOT tachycardia; (b) can appear with (64%) or without (36%) secondary T wave inversions; and (c) is due to a “parietal” block sparing the specialized conducting system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.1996.tb00296.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fenfluramine-induced ultrastructural alterations in tissues of rats and guinea pigs (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 285 (1974), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Fenfluramine ; Rat ; Guinea Pig ; Phospholipidosis, drug-induced ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After administration of the anorectic drug fenfluramine (40 mg/kg per day) to rats (s. c. or i. p.) and guinea pigs (p.o.) over periods of 2 to 11 weeks, electron microscopic examination was performed on lungs, liver, lymphatic tissues and peripheral blood of both species, and on adrenal glands and ovaries of rats. In rats, fenfluramine caused the following alterations (listed according to the duration of treatment): Formation of abnormal lamellated inclusions in lymphocytes and plasma cells of lymphatic tissues, appearance of “foam cells” in lung alveoli; formation of abnormal lamellated inclusions in corpus luteum, lymphocytes of peripheral blood, and in adrenal cortex. In guinea pigs, the same alterations were found in lymphocytes of spleen and peripheral blood, in hepatocytes and in lung. The present observations support the concept of a generalized phospholipidosis induced by amphiphilic compounds. The potency of fenfluramine to induce a lipidosis is, however, considerably less pronounced than that previously demonstrated for the anorectic drug chlorphentermine. This difference is suggested to be due mainly to the lower degree of amphiphilia of fenfluramine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501152
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Tier- und Organspezifität morphologischer Veränderungen nach chronischer Chlorphentermingabe (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 161 (1973), S. 272-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Chlorphentermine ; Foam cells ; Intracellular inclusion bodies ; Amphiphilic drugs ; Drug induced phospholipidosis ; Chlorphentermin ; Schaumzellen ; Intracelluläre Einschlußpartikel ; Amphiphile Pharmaka ; Pharmakoninduzierte Phospholipidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte geklärt werden, inwieweit die von Chlorphentermin bekannten morphologischen Veränderungen der Rattenlunge Tier- und Organspezifität besitzen. In einer lichtmikroskopischen Untersuchung an Versuchstieren (Ratten, Meerschweinchen, Mäusen und Kaninchen) konnten in Lunge, Leber, Milz und Nebenniere der einzelnen Species Schaumzellen und intracelluläre Einschlußkörper nachgewiesen werden, die ein allgemeines pathogenetisches Prinzip darstellen, das weder art- noch organspezifisch ist. Gleichartige Veränderungen sind auch nach Triparanol, Chloroquin und 4/4′-Diäthylaminoäthoxyhexöstrol beschrieben worden. Diese Befunde lassen an einen pathophysiologischen Mechanismus denken, der wahrscheinlich auf dem gemeinsamen amphiphilen Charakter dieser Substanzen beruht. Es ist denkbar, daß die amphiphilen Moleküle mit den Phospholipiden eine Bindung eingehen und dadurch deren enzymatischen Abbau behindern. Die durch Chlorphentermin induzierte Phospholipidose ist nicht an eine bestimmte Arzneimittelgruppe gebunden.
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to investigate whether or not the well known morphological alterations produced by chlorphentermine are limited only to rat lung. By means of light microscopy the existence of foam cells and intracellular inclusion bodies could be demonstrated in several organs (lung, liver, spleen and adrenals) of different animals (rats, guinea-pigs, mice and rabbits). These findings suggest a chlorphentermine-induced general pathological phenomenon, neither limited to certain species nor to particular organs. Similar observations have been reported for chloroquine, triparanol and 4/4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol. Therefore these results may indicate that the structural alterations are due to the common amphiphilic properties of chlorphentermine and the above drugs. These substances are proposed to interact with phospholipids thus protecting them against lipase degradation activity. This drug-induced phospholipidosis is not limited to a specific group of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851451
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective right ventricular angiography in apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (1995)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 10 (1995), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation ; Selective right ventricular angiography ; Right ventricular bulging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The definition of underlying heart disease in apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation seems to be important in regard to prognosis and choice of therapy. From October 1989, until August 1993, cardiac arrest due to the documented ventricular fibrillation occurred in eight consecutive patients with normal results on clinical examination, normal echocardiography, and normal or apparently nonspecific electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. Complete invasive investigations, including selective right ventricular angiography, were done; regional hypokinesia and segmental bulging of the right ventricle were found in seven patients (88%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was suspected in these patients, although endomyocardial biopsy was not performed. After the finding of localized right precordial QRS prolongation of more than 110 ms in November 1993 in five patients, a retrospective, a more precise approach to QRS duration in standard ECG supported this diagnosis. Selective right ventricular angiography is of great help in identifying underlying heart disease in patients with apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and confirms ECG findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744988
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