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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The decision as to whether prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting is better than treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting could be made on the basis of cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness of ondansetron was calculated using data from published quantitative systematic reviews of randomised trials. Milligrams of ondansetron required to achieve a desired endpoint were chosen as a cost unit. Modelling was based on a cohort of 1000 patients, and examined control event rates (i.e. incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting without prophylaxis) of between 10 and 90%. In a sensitivity analysis, cost-effectiveness of recommended intravenous doses (4 mg for treatment and prophylaxis) was compared with minimal effective doses as shown by meta-analysis (1 mg for treatment, 8 mg for prophylaxis). Fewer patients experience any postoperative nausea and vomiting symptoms with prophylaxis compared with treatment. But prophylaxis is only marginally more effective than treatment, and treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting with effective doses (i.e. 1 or 4 mg) is more cost-effective and safer than prophylaxis with effective doses (i.e. 4 or 8 mg). Reasons for this are the selective treatment of patients who actually need treatment, the high success rate with the lowest dose tested (1 mg) in established postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the disappointing antinausea effect of prophylactic ondansetron even at an eight-fold higher dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Liverpool : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Town planning review. 36:4 (1966:Jan.) 294 
    ISSN: 0041-0020
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Sociology
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 55 (1977), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary High titres of neutralising activity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine coronavirus, were found in sera and peritoneal fluids from cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). A small proportion of cats, from a hospital population unaffected by FIP, also had neutralising activity. Procedures to remove non-specific viral inhibitors, including treatment by heat inactivation, trypsin, sulphydryl reagent and kaolin absorption were unsuccessful. The active component was unable to neutralise another porcine coronavirus, haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus or the porcine enterovirus, Talfan. Gel filtration of feline sera and peritoneal fluid demonstrated high levels of the neutralising activity in the area corresponding to 7S IgG, which could be removed by absorption with specific anti-IgG serum and these properties are suggested to be consistent with those of antibody. These findings imply that there is a coronavirus in cats which is antigenically related to TGEV and its possible nature is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunofluorescence test on smears of nasal epithelial cells was used to detect coronavirus infection in the respiratory tract of calves. Thirteen gnotobiotic calves were infected with coronavirus isolates derived from faeces or respiratory material: virus was detected in faeces and nasal swabs from all animals. In 115 calves from a field survey, there was a significant association between coronavirus excretion from both respiratory and enteric routes in calves with diarrhoea. In a further 12 calves, at necropsy, the predilection sites for coronavirus growth were the distal small intestine, large intestine and the epithelia of the nasal cavity and trachea. Antigen was not found in lung tissue by immunofluoresence or immunoperoxidase staining. Infection with enteric coronavirus induced immunity to reinfection and to heterologous challenge with two coronavirus isolates derived from the respiratory tract. Nine coronaviruses were cultivated, cloned and antisera to three were prepared in pigs. There was complete virus neutralisation in tests with homologous sera and significant cross reactions with the eight other isolates which were of intestinal and respiratory origin. Thus, these bovine coronavirus isolates belonged to the same serotype despite the source of virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A possible antigenic relationship between the porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus-like agent (CVLA) and 6 known coronaviruses was examined by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) and by immunofluorescence (IF). CVLA did not show cross reactivity with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), canine coronavirus (CCV) hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (NCDCV) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Antigenic relationship was detected by IEM between TGEV and CCV, NCDCV and HEV and by IF between TGEV and CCV, TGEV and FIPV, HEV and NCDCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 60 (1979), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was administered orally to cats. No clinical disease resulted but infectious virus was isolated from faeces for up to 22 days after infection and serum antibody was detected by neutralisation and immunofluorescence tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 22 (1971), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung topologischer Basisfunktionen nach einer expliziten Basis von Atomorbitalen für käfigförmige, tetraedrische und oktaedrische Moleküle, die Boratome enthalten, wird untersucht. Ein Kriterium maximaler Lokalisierung wird zur Bestimmung der Mischungskoeffizienten verwendet. Die Überlappung zwischen den Basisfunktionen, die zu den Seiten der beiden Geometrien gehören, beträgt 0,79, und es existiert nur eine ungefähre Übertragbarkeit der Parameter. Einige Aspekte der relativen MO-Energiewerte, die mit einer topologischen Basis gewonnen wurden, stellen eine Verbesserung gegenüber der Verwendung einer Atomorbitalbasis dar.
    Abstract: Résumé Développement des fonctions de base topologiques en termes d'une base explicite d'orbitales atomiques pour des molécules cages de bore tétraédrique et octaédrique. Un critère de localisation maximum est utilisé pour définir les coefficients de mélange. Le recouvrement entre les fonctions de base ‘faciales’ dans les deux geometries est de 0.79 et la transférabilité des paramètres n'est que très grossière. Cependant, certains aspects relatifs des niveaux d'énergie des orbitales moléculaires engendrées avec une base topologique apparaissent plus satisfaisants que ceux obtenus avec une base d'orbitales atomiques.
    Notes: Abstract The expansion of topological basis functions for tetrahedral and octahedral boron cage molecules in terms of an explicit atomic orbital basis is considered. A maximum localisation criteria is used to define mixing coefficients. The overlap between ‘face’ basis functions in the two geometries is 0.79 and only a very crude parameter transferability exists. However, some aspects of the relative molecular orbital energy levels generated with a topological basis appear to be an improvement on those using an atomic orbital basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 90-92 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some shielding calculations, using Pople's SOS model, are reported for B, C, N, F, P and Si as a function of changes in bond length and pyramidal bond angle. In all cases considered, the shielding is predicted to decrease as the bond length increases, which is in line with the available experimental data. The observed temperature variation of the nitrogen and phosphorus shieldings of NH3, PH3 and PF3 could be accounted for by a decrease in the pyramidal angle at higher temperatures. A similar angular variation for NF3 is predicted to cause a shielding variation, with temperature, in the same sense as that reported for NH3 and PH3, but opposite to that for PF3.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 640-648 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a series of compounds with N—C or N—N bonds, the CNDO/S parameterized calculations for Qπ, the electronic charge density on the nitrogen atom, and π bond orders Pπ provide evidence for the simultaneous dependence of the 15N chemical shift on both of these parameters. The multilinear regressions obtained produce high values for the regression coefficients. The results throw some light on the nitrogen lone pair delocalization mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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