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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 205 (1994), S. 979-983 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Schizophrenia Research 2 (1989), S. 138 
    ISSN: 0920-9964
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 352-358 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose: To develop a model for analyzing the immune response after xenogenic human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (HFRPE) transplantation. Materials and methods: Pure sheets of HFRPE cells were isolated and attached to poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer films and HFRPE spheroids were formed. The spheroids were transplanted into the subretinal space of New Zealand albino rabbits and were observed for 5 months. Bare polymer films were transplanted into the subretinal space of Dutch Belted pigmented rabbits, serving as control. Results: The polymer film was bioegraded within 3 weeks in the subretinal space. No signs of inflammation in the retina or choroid were observed. The HFRPE spheroids were easily transplanted into the subretinal space. The immune response was followed with ophthalmoscopy. Light microscopy indicated a localized immune response in the transplanted area in which the retina and the choroid were infiltrated with immune cells. This infiltration was denser in the choroid. Conclusions: HFRPE spheroid transplantation may be utilized as a model for studying the xenogenic immune response after HFRPE transplantation. This model may also have applications in evaluating the role of immune suppressive agents in preventing rejection after HFRPE transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 631-641 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background: This prospective, non-controlled pilot study investigates the practicability of IPE translocation and functional outcome in ARMD patients. Removal of submacular choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is usually associated with RPE damage and poor visual prognosis. Homologous RPE transplants fail to preserve macular function, possibly due to immune rejection. Instead of homologous RPE, we suggest translocating autologous iris pigment epithelium (IPE), building on earlier evidence from animal and in vitro investigations that IPE can substitute RPE functions in the experimental animal. Immunological cell rejection is avoided. Methods: Four eyes with well- defined and eight eyes with ill- defined subfoveal CNV were submitted to operation and followed up for a minimum of 6 months. IPE cells were harvested from a peripheral iridectomy. A vitrectomy was performed. Submacular membranes were removed, and isolated IPE cells were injected into the subretinal space. Examinations included ETDRS visual acuity, fluorescein angiography, and SLO microperimetry. Results: All patients underwent successful surgical removal of CNV and subretinal IPE injection. Compared to preoperative visual acuity (20/400–20/100) no significant change was observed after 6 months (20/320–16/80). A change of more than two ETDRS chart lines was defined as significant. One eye with preoperative ill-defined CNV developed a recurrence, leading to reduced visual acuity. In all patients, postoperative fluorescence angiography revealed early hyperfluorescence (window defect) in the surgically denuded area. Central fixation was demonstrated in 50% of eyes. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggests that IPE translocation in submacular surgery for ARMD can preserve but not improve preoperative visual acuity over 6 months. Functional results are promising compared to submacular membrane extraction alone and RPE transplantation. Continued research on improvement of IPE translocation seems justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 35 (1984), S. 497-513 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten einer Faserstruktur die einer axialen Belastung unterworfen ist, wird auf Grund der stochastischen Mechanik untersucht. Zur Veranschaulichung der theoretischen Behandlung wird eine zellulose Struktur mit spezifischen Eigenschaften benutzt. Die wichtigsten Relationen welche die mikroskopischen, dazwischen liegenden (mesoskopischen) und letzthin die makroskopischen Variablen verbindet, sind die Material-Operatoren. Es wird eine explizite Form eines solchen Operators für die zellulose Struktur abgeleitet. Die innere Spannungsverteilung, die wesentlich von der durchschnittlichen makroskopischen abweicht, wird sodann als ein Ergebnis der Untersuchung angezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the response behaviour of fibrous structures to a given uniaxial load is treated on the basis of probabilistic mechanics. For the illustration of the theoretical analysis, a cellulose network with specified properties is employed. The significant relations, which link the microscopic variables to the intermediate ones (mesoscopic) and thus to the macroscopic quantities are material functionals or operators. An operator for the given cellulose structure is derived in an explicit form. As a result of the analysis the internal stresses due to the given load are numerically evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 237 (1999), S. 934-939 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Background: The suppressive effect of human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (HFRPE) on the activation of human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was evaluated in vitro. · Methods: Pure populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were isolated from human peripheral blood-derived buffy coats by negative immunomagnetic selection. The purity of the cells was examined by flow cytometry using anti-CD3-FITC, anti-CD4-FITC, anti-CD8-PE, and anti-CD20-PE mAbs. HFRPE cells were isolated from fetal eyes and pure cultures were obtained. The effect of normal or IFN-γ-activated HFRPE cells at early (P3) or late (P6) passages on the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was assessed in two different T-cell activation assays. In both activation models anti-CD3 mAb (OKT3) provided the antigen-specific signal. The secondary signal for the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was provided with anti-CD18 mAb (TS1/18) and anti-CD28 mAb (9.3) in the first and the second assay respectively. Cross-linking of these soluble mAbs was performed with sheep-anti-mouse IgG-coated latex beads. The T-cell activation was determined by cell proliferation measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. In each activation assay T-cells were incubated with HFRPE cells in a ratio of T-cells to HFRPE of 1:1 or 1:4. · Results: CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were activated by cross-linking CD3 and CD18 in the first assay (CD3/CD18) and CD3 and CD28 in the second assay (CD3/CD28). In both assays HFRPE inhibited the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. IFN-γ-activated HFRPE cells totally suppressed the T-cell activation at a 1:1 ratio. This suppressive effect was weaker at lower cell ratios. Some donor variation was observed in the inhibition at the lower cell ratios, especially for the inhibition of CD8+ T-cell activation with anti-CD3/CD18. The passaging of HFRPE cells did not alter their suppressive effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. · Conclusions: HFRPE cells suppressed the activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in vitro. These findings suggest that RPE-induced immune suppression may play a significant role in maintaining immune privilege in the subretinal space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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