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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the past four years, a Fourier transform spectrometer diagnostic system, employing a fast-scanning polarizing Michelson interferometer (FMI), has been operating on the TFTR tokamak at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. It is used to measure the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectrum over the range 2.5–18 cm−1 (75–540 GHz), with a resolution of 0.123 cm−1 (3.7 GHz), at a rate of 72 spectra per second. The quasioptical system for collecting the light and transporting it through the interferometer to the detector has been designed using the concepts of both Gaussian and geometrical optics. The commercial FMI was custom made for this project and is the state of the art for this type of specialized instrument. The diagnostic system is described and an error propagation analysis of the absolute calibration process is given. Examples of ECE spectra measured in two polarization directions are given and electron temperature profiles derived from each of them are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Romanic Review. 69:3 (1978:May) 242 
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    New York, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Italica. 52:3 (1975:Autumn) 323 
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 11 (1996), S. 4-48 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the role of professional associations, governmental agencies, and international accounting and auditing bodies in promulgating standards to foster auditor independence domestically and abroad. Focuses specifically on the role played by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), the Securities and Exchange Commission and the US Government Accounting Office. Also looks at other professional associations in banking, industry, and manufacturing sectors dealing with sensitive issues of auditors' involvement in such matters as management advisory services, operating responsibilities, outsourcing, opinion shopping, auditor rotation, and other conflicts of interest which may impair auditor independence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 12 (1997), S. 498-505 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the role of professional associations and governments in developing and promulgating standards to foster auditor independence. Presents a survey of countries which showed that many had taken steps to enhance auditor independence. Governments of several countries had implemented professional audit standards sanctioned by their professional accounting associations dealing with auditor independence. In many countries independent auditors may be censured and even expelled from their respective professional associations for violations of their codes of ethics. The survey also showed that cultural differences limit the effectiveness of international reliance on auditor independence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 13 (1998), S. 4-71 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the role of professional associations, governmental agencies, and international accounting and auditing bodies in promulgating standards to deter and detect fraud, domestically and abroad. Specifically, it focuses on the role played by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), the US Government Accounting Office (GAO), and other national and foreign professional associations, in promulgating auditing standards and procedures to prevent fraud in financial statements and other white-collar crimes. It also examines several fraud cases and the impact of management and employee fraud on the various business sectors such as insurance, banking, health care, and manufacturing, as well as the role of management, the boards of directors, the audit committees, auditors, and fraud examiners and their liability in the fraud prevention and investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 16 (2001), S. 207-214 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Auditors gather evidence to formulate their judgment on financial statements and in assessing the risk factors concerning the company under audit. Examines the role played by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in developing auditing standards concerning audit evidence. Significant court and SEC cases relating to audit evidence are described and issues discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 9 (1994), S. 12-22 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Highlights similarities among the codes of ethics promulgated byprofessional societies in the United States such as The Institute ofInternal Auditors (IIA), the American Institute of Certified PublicAccountants (AICPA), the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), andthe EDP Auditors Association (EDPAA). Takes the Code of Ethics of theInstitute of Internal Auditors, an international professionalassociation, as an example to demonstrate that most of the articles ofprofessional codes do not reflect the cultural dimensions of Asian,European, and other countries. Since one single universal code of ethicsmay not meet the needs of an international group, internationalprofessional societies may wish to consider alternatives to incorporatein their codes of ethics, especially the cultural dimensions of othercountries. Cultural differences often limit the effectiveness of auniform international code of ethics because they create a lack ofconsensus within a profession as to what constitutes acceptablebehaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 14 (1999), S. 161-261 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 and its amendment - the Trade and Competitive Act of 1988 - are unique not only in the history of the accounting and auditing profession, but also in international law. The Acts raised awareness of the need for efficient and adequate internal control systems to prevent illegal acts such as the bribery of foreign officials, political parties and governments to secure or maintain contracts overseas. Its uniqueness is also due to the fact that the USA is the first country to pioneer such a legislation that impacted foreign trade, international law and codes of ethics. The research traces the history of the FCPA before and after its enactment, the role played by the various branches of the United States Government - Congress, Department of Justice, Securities Exchange commission (SEC), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS); the contributions made by professional associations such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICFA), the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), the American Bar Association (ABA); and, finally, the role played by various international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). A cultural, ethical and legalistic background will give a better understanding of the FCPA as wll as the rationale for its controversy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 9 (1994), S. 18-42 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Highlights the role played by the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the American Institute ofCertified Public Accountants (AICPA), The Institute of Internal Auditors(IIA), the Treadway Commission, and other professional organizations infurthering the establishment of audit committees in the USA. In theinternational arena, the UK Cadbury Committee, the Australian BorschCommittee, and the Canadian Macdonald Commission have influenced thewidespread use of corporate audit committees in their respectivecountries. The guidelines on audit committees set by the IIA, AICPA,SEC, and the Treadway Commission have had a tremendous impact worldwide.Cultural differences may, however, limit the formation and effectivenessof audit committees globally even though auditing is a relativelyhomogeneous profession. The Institute of Internal Auditors, as aninternational professional association, may wish to consider thecultural dimensions of corporate governance in formulating professionalinternal auditing standards dealing with the structure and functions ofaudit committees internationally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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