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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a physical undenstanding of earthquake scaling relations (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 661-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquake scaling ; seismic moment ; mean slip ; rupture dimension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In seismological literature, there exist two competing theories (the so-calledW model andL model) treating earthquake scaling relations between mean slip and rupture dimension and between seismic moment and rupture dimension. The core of arguments differentiating the two theories is whether the mean slip should scale with the rupture width or with the rupture length for large earthquakes. In this paper, we apply the elastic theory of dislocation to clarify the controversy. Several static dislocation models are used to simulate strike-slip earthquakes. Our results show that the mean slip scales linearly with the rupture width for small earthquakes with a rupture length smaller than the thickness of the seismogenic layer. However, for large earthquakes with a rupture length larger than the thickness of the seismogenic layer, our models show a more complicated scaling relation between mean slip and rupture dimension. When the rupture length is smaller than a cross-over length, the mean slip scales nearly linearly with the rupture length. When the rupture length is larger than a cross-over length, the mean slip approaches asymptotically a constant value and scales approximately with the rupture width. The cross-over length is a function of the rupture width and is about 75 km for earthquakes with a saturated rupture width of 15 km. We compare our theoretical predictions with observed source parameters of some large strike-slip earthquakes, and they match up well. Our results also suggest that when large earthquakes have a fixed aspect ratio of rupture length to rupture width (which seems to be the case for most subduction earthquakes) the mean slip scales with the rupture dimension in the same way as small earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874738
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper Crustal Velocity Structure of the Southwestern Canadian Cordillera from Explosion Recordings on the WCTN Earthquake Seismic Net (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 1315-1336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Seismic refraction, crustal velocity, Canadian Cordillera, tomographic inversion, earthquake seismic net, shear-wave velocities.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The digital seismic network used to monitor earthquakes in southwestern British Columbia recorded explosions from Lithoprobe’s Southern Cordillera Refraction Experiment (SCoRE) in 1989 and 1990 and from the USGS Pacific Northwest Refraction Survey in 1991. Both P and S waves were recorded. The geographical distribution of the shots and receiver stations enabled a large three-dimensional area to be sampled. For ray paths considered to be in the top 10 km of the crust, we used a tomographic inversion procedure to estimate the 2-D distribution of upper crustal P- and S-wave velocities within blocks of a refracting velocity grid, located beneath a near surface velocity layer of uniform thickness. The P-wave velocity distribution mapped the subsurface location of several terranes in the southwest Cordillera. Volcanic rocks of Wrangellia terrane, which is the principal component of the Insular Belt, were characterized by upper crustal velocities 〉 6.3 km s −1, whereas plutonic rocks of the Coast Belt had velocities 〈 6.3 km s−1. East of southern Vancouver Island, the velocity distribution indicated that Wrangellia extends in the subsurface beneath the Coast Belt for about 130 km eastward of the surface location of the Insular/Coast Belt boundary. A portion of the southern boundary of Wrangellia was also delineated by the P-velocity map, which suggested that metamorphic rocks of the Northwest Cascades Thrust System may extend beneath sedimentary cover as far west as south-central Georgia Strait. Inverted S-wave velocities were typically 3.6–3.7 km s−1. Corresponding values of Poisson’s ratio were 0.27–0.28 over Vancouver Island and 0.20–0.24 in the Coast Belt. The higher values for Vancouver Island likely reflect the high mafic content of Wrangellia volcanics, compared to the high quartz content of the Coast Belt plutonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Synchrotron Radiation Center beamlines at Aladdin : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1913-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the past year, the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) staff has installed five new beamlines at SRC. Three of these beamlines are "public'' beamlines operated by SRC for experiments selected from peer-reviewed proposals. Fifty to seventy-five percent of the experimental time on the other two beamlines is managed by the SRC as a consequence of the SRC being a partner in participating research teams (PRTs). These new beamlines bring the number of VUV and soft x-ray research beamlines installed on Aladdin to 17 as of August 1988. Including two storage ring optical diagnostic ports, there will be 20 ports in use on Aladdin by the end of 1988.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140887
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status of the Synchrotron Radiation Center : Papers from the 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1677-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Synchrotron Radiation Center operates the Aladdin electron storage ring at energies of 800 meV or 1 GeV in support of a broad range of national and international research programs with a major focus on the study of valence electrons, spectromicroscopy, and nanolithography. Upgrades to the storage ring have improved the stability of the source, and experiments with low emittance lattice configurations show the feasibility of increased brightness for new or enhanced research. Three recently installed undulators, two pure permanent magnet devices and an electromagnetic device, and the associated instrumentation offer experimentalists high flux combined with high resolution. The status of the existing instrumentation, recent scientific results, and an overview of plans for new undulator-based instruments to cover the photon energy range from 7.8 to 400+ eV will be presented. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First measurements and observations from the new permanent magnet undulator at the SRC : Papers from the 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1457-1460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In December of 2000 the University of Wisconsin Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) installed a new, state-of-the-art undulator in long straight section 2 of the Aladdin storage ring. This undulator replaced the first Aladdin undulator, which was on loan from the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and had been in use since 1986 [K. Halbach et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-28, 3136 (1981); H. Winick et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 208, 127 (1983); M. A. Green et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 266, 91 (1988)]. The new undulator was designed, constructed, and tested by Danfysik (Danfysik A/S, Moellchaves 31A, DK-4040 Jyllinge, Denmark). The undulator uses NdFeB permanent magnets for the magnetic structure and is 3.52 m long with 50 periods, each of 68.3 mm. The new undulator is intended to provide high flux from 7.8 to 500 eV. To cover this wide energy range we use the first through ninth odd harmonics. The magnetic structure has been phase-corrected to better than 2° rms and should provide fidelity better than 90% through the ninth harmonic. The resulting undulator flux will support an extreme ultraviolet nano-lithography beamline, a low energy Wadsworth beam line, and a high energy VLS-PGM beam line. Some coherence experiments are also anticipated. The undulator radiation has been analyzed using an existing HTM [M. C. Hettrick, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 266, 404 (1988)] monochromator, a durable filter-pinhole detector, and computer controlled, cooled, scanning apertures. We present measurements of the undulator harmonic content, energy and spatial structure of the undulator beam, and undulator beam position stability. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445487
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