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  • 1
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This work describes a novel heterogeneous oxidation catalyst which is analogous to the homogeneous-phase Fentons reagent for the successful destruction of a range of organic pollutants. The catalyst is a polyacrylonitrile fibre which was modified to incorporate ligatinggroups, resulting in a transition metal cation being firmly fixed onto the fibre. The novelty of the catalyst resides in its open-knit mesh structure. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalyst containing ferric ions (as the active site) is shown to rapidly decompose phenol in addition to (a) the anthraquinone dyes: acid blue 45, carminic acid and reactive blue 19, and (b) the azo-dye drimarine red K. B. The decomposition reaction was followed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, and the distribution of ferric ions on the external surface of the fibre was examined by a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the fibre were found to have decreased on modification but were still sufficient for the manufacture and commercial exploitation of the fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In soft conditions of alkaline hydrolysis (at pH ≤ 12), such dense cross-linked structures are formed in the fibre that swelling is restricted. Even with a sufficient concentration of cation-exchange groups, the extremely dense three-dimensional network can worsen the properties of the sorbent. During alkaline hydrolysis conducted by treating the fibre with sodium metasilicate, an elastic three-dimensional network capable of stretching significantly during swelling and not preventing solvation of carboxyl groups is formed. In this case, the liquid is retained even better than in a less cross-linked structure with the same concentration of ionogenic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: platelets ; blood ; aggregating activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of the components of an inseparable mixture of processing wastes containing polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, and cellulose fibres was investigated. The possibility of using them in production of wood—polymer composites if cyclization in the structure of PAN and chemical reaction of basic and acid functional groups play the determining role in intensification of the interfacial interaction in the composite and correspondingly in increasing the strength properties of the final product, was demonstrated. The parameters of the process were optimized, and this allowed for obtaining materials with a static bending strength of up to 80 MPa, water absorption of up to 11%, and a degree of swelling of up to 8.3% according to GOST, which satisfies the requirements for brand STs-500 ultrahard board materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Technical physics 43 (1998), S. 673-677 
    ISSN: 1090-6525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possible onset of unsteady induction magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in wide channels or in channels of annular cross section is discovered on the basis of a proposed two-dimensional mathematical model. Such secondary flows have the character of rotating stall, which was previously known in high-pressure axial compressors. The existing experimental data confirm the possibility of observing this phenomenon, which can be interpreted as a new type of symmetry loss. It is shown for certain relations between the parameters that the system has a lower margin of stability against disturbances of the rotating-stall type than against steady-state disturbances. In particular, a loss of stability of a steady uniform flow can occur on the descending portion of the external characteristic of the machine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Technical physics 42 (1997), S. 591-594 
    ISSN: 1090-6525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The causes for the onset of a specific operating regime of MHD induction devices which arises after a loss of stability of the uniform flow are investigated. A modification of the original method of studying singularly perturbed dynamical systems in the neighborhood of a bifurcation point is used to construct the asymptotic behavior of the characteristic pressure for various limiting cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 639-642 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Verlauf der chemischen Umwandlungen in Poly(acrylnitril)-Lösungen bei Zugabe von Alkalien und die dabei auftretenden Konformationsübergänge werden untersucht. Der Vergleich der Änderungen der elektronischen Struktur mit der abrupten Abnahme der Grenzviskosität gestattet es, den Übergang vom statistischen Knäuel zur kompakten Kugel mit den Anfangsstadien der Bildung cyclischer Strukturen zu korrelieren. Wahrscheinlich ist die beobachtete Irreversibilität des Konformationsübergangs vom Knäuel zur Kugel auf die intramolekulare Vernetzung zurückzuführen. Ein Schema dieses Prozesses wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: The course of chemical transformations and of conformational transitions in poly(acrylonitrile) solutions on addition of alkali are compared. The comparison of the changes in electronic structure with the abrupt decrease of intrinsic viscosity allows to correlate the coil-globule transition with the initial stages of formation of cyclic structures. Most probably the observed irreversibility of the coil-globule conformational transition is due only to intramacromolecular crosslinking, the scheme of which is presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 42 (1991), S. 250-253 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik der Änderungen der elektronischen Spektren von Poly(methacrylnitril) in DMSO bei Zugabe von Alkali wurde untersucht. Das Ausschen des Spektrums hängt von der Menge an Alkali bezogen auf eine Einheit der Polymerkette ab, sowie vom Wassergehalt der Lösung und vom Alkali/Wasser-Verhältnis. Die maximal erreichbare effektive Länge der Konjugation cyclischer Sequenzen ist um so größer, je niedriger die Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit der Cyclisierung ist. Die beobachtete geringe Abnahme der Grenzviskosität schließt das Auftreten eines scharfen Übergangs vom Knäuel zur kompakten Kugel bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse des Poly(methacrylnitril)s aus.
    Notes: The kinetics of changes of electronic spectra of poly(methacrylonitrile) in DMSO on addition of alkali was studied. The spectral picture depends on the amount of alkali corresponding to one chain unit, the amount of water in the solution, and the alkali/water ratio. Besides, the maximal attainable effective length of conjugation of cyclic sequences is all the more the lower is the rate of initiation of cyclization. A slow and unsubstantial decrease of the intrinsic viscosity excludes the occurrence of a sharp coil-globule transition on alkaline hydrolysis of poly(methacrylonitrile).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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