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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 5 (1970), S. 155-165 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Goffman (1961) et d'autres auteurs ont émis l'hypothèse que l'expérience vécue par un patient dans un hôpital psychiatrique de type traditionnel amène des conséquences négatives pour la personnalité de celui qui y est interné. Dans cette perspective, le comportement du patient est considéré comme une réponse à un type particulier de milieu social plutôt que comme une simple manifestation des processus psychopathologiques internes. Ce milieu est considéré comme perturbant le sens positif du Moi de l'individu et conduisant à des comportements régressifs dans plusieurs directions, y compris l'adoption d'une orientation passive, dépendante, à l'égard de l'institution. — Parmi une population de patients en phase psychiatrique aiguë examinés à la salle d'urgences du Yale-New Haven Hospital, quelques-uns sont envoyés au Service de traitement d'urgence (E.T.S.) du Centre de santé mentale du Connecticut. Petit service de traitement à court terme, l'E.T.S. a été conçu de façon a éviter beaucoup des aspects négatifs du milieu hospitalier traditionnel. Vu la faible capacité de ce service, un certain nombre de patients, qui sont pourtant considérés par l'assistant examinateur comme étant des cas appropriés à l'E.T.S., ne peuvent y être admis parce que le service est fréquemment complet. Un grand pourcentage de ces cas est alors envoyé à l'hôpital d'Etat, type traditionnel de l'hôpital psychiatrique public. En comparant un échantillon de chacun de ces groupes à l'admission et à la sortie, il semble possible de déterminer l'impact du milieu hospitalier sur certains aspects de la personnalité et de l'image du Moi du patient. — Les résultats principaux de cette étude indiquent que le milieu hospitalier traditionnel, en effet, engendre et encourage la dépendance, mais qu'il y a une interrelation complexe entre les exigences institutionnelles et les prédispositions de la personnalité. Les cas qui deviennent chroniques semblent être caractérisés par un degré élevé de dépendance et une définition négative du Moi. Le milieu hospitalier satisfait ainsi certains besoins de leur personnalité, comme il peut aussi les exagérer. Au contraire, les individus autonomes ne semblent pas être facilement influencés par les exigences de l'hôpital et semblent être capables d'abandonner leur rôle de patient très rapidement.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Goffman und andere haben angenommen, daß die Erfahrung des Patientenstatus im traditionellen Typ des psychiatrischen Krankenhauses zu negativen Konsequenzen für die Persönlichkeit des Insassen führt. Von diesem Blickpunkt her wird das Verhalten des Patienten nicht nur als Manifestation der inneren psychopathologischen Prozesse gesehen, sondern vielmehr als Reaktion auf eine besondere Form sozialer Umgebung. Gemäß solcher Ansicht zerstört diese Umgebung das positive Selbstgefühl des einzelnen und verführt zu regressivem Verhalten in verschiedenen Dimensionen, einschließlich der Annahme einer passiven abhängigen Haltung gegenüber der Institution. — Aus einer Population psychischer Krisenfälle, die beim Notfall-Dienst der Yale-New Haven-Klinik gesehen wurden, werden einige zum Notfallbehandlungsdienst des Zentrums für seelische Gesundheit in Connecticut geschickt. Eine kleine Einrichtung für Kurzzeitbehandlung, die E.T.S., wurde geschaffen, um viele der negativen Merkmale traditionellen Klinikmilieus zu vermeiden. Die Kleinheit der Einrichtung führt zu der Situation, daß einige Patienten, die vom untersuchenden Assistenzarzt als geeignete E.T.S.-Kandidaten angesehen werden, nicht untergebracht werden können, weil die Einheit häufig voll besetzt ist. Ein hoher Prozentsatz dieser Fälle wird zur staatlichen Klinik, dem traditionellen Typ eines öffentlichen psychiatrischen Krankenhauses, geschickt. Indem man ein Sample aus jeder dieser Gruppen bei der Aufnahme und bei der Entlassung einschätzt, erscheint es möglich, die Entwicklung der Klinikumgebung auf bestimmte Aspekte der Patientenpersönlichkeit und des Selbstbildes zu bestimmen. — Die Hauptergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen an, daß die traditionelle Krankenhausumgebung tatsächlich Abhängigkeit erzeugt und fördert, aber daß eine komplexe Wechselwirkung zwischen institutionellen Anforderungen und Persönlichkeitsneigungen besteht. Leute, die Langzeitpatienten werden, scheinen durch einen hohen Grad von Abhängigkeit und eine negative Selbsteinschätzung charakterisiert zu sein. Die Klinikumgebung entspricht also gewissen Forderungen ihrer Persönlichkeit, während sie zugleich dazu dienen kann, diese besonderen Forderungen aus einem möglichen breiteren Spielraum von Persönlichkeitskomponenten hervorzuheben. Umgekehrt scheinen selbständige Menschen nicht leicht durch Klinikforderungen umgeformt zu werden und können offenbar die Patientenrolle sehr schnell aufgeben.
    Notes: Summary Goffman (1961) and others have hypothesized that the experience of being a patient in the traditional type of mental hospital leads to negative consequences for the personality system of the inmate. Rather than being seen as purely a manifestation of internal psychopathological processes, patient behavior is seen, from this perspective, as a response to a peculiar sort of social environment. This environment is seen as disruptive of a positive sense of self in the individual and also as conducive to regressive behavior in several dimensions, including the adoption of a passive, dependent orientation towards the institution. — From a population of psychiatric crisis patients seen at the Emergency Room of Yale-New Haven Hospital, some are sent to the Emergency Treatment Service of the Connecticut Mental Health Center. A small, short term treatment facility, the E.T.S. was designed to avoid many of the negative features of the traditional hospital environment. The small size of the unit leads to a situation where some patients, considered by the reviewing resident to be appropriate E.T.S. candidates, cannot be accommodated because the unit is frequently filled to capacity. A high percentage of these cases are sent to State, a traditional type of public mental hospital. By taking measures on a sample from each of these groups at admission and discharge, it would seem possible to determine the impact of the hospital environment on certain aspects of patient personality and self-image. — The major findings of the study indicate that the traditional hospital environment does, in fact, engender and encourage dependency but that there is a complex interrelation between institutional demands and personality predispositions. Individuals who become long-term mental patients seem to be characterized by a high degree of dependency and a negative definition of self. The hospital environment is thus congruent with certain of their personality demands while it also may serve to emphasize these particular demands from a broader possible range of personality components. Conversely, autonomous individuals seem not to be easily “molded” by the hospital demands and seem able to vacate the patient role very quickly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Community mental health journal 32 (1996), S. 387-400 
    ISSN: 1573-2789
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sexual abuse in childhood is increasingly recognized as an important etiologic component in a number of psychiatric disorders. One-quarter to one-third of all female children suffer sexual abuse before their eighteenth birthday, and at least one half of women with severe mental illness acknowledge such events. An even higher percentage of a particularly vulnerable group, dually diagnosed homeless women, appear to have a premorbid history of childhood victimization. In this paper, we review the emergent literature on childhood abuse, its sequelae and treatment; and discuss the implications of these data for the development of new approaches to trauma recovery in people with severe mental illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1556-3308
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Rates of HIV and HIV risk behaviors are elevated among people with severe mental illnesses (SMI). Little is known about the extent to which community mental health (CMH) centers screen, refer, and educate their clients regarding HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The authors surveyed CMH administrators and clinicians in New Hampshire regarding HIV/STD policy, practices, knowledge, and attitudes. HIV/STD service availability varied, and the amount of services provided was unrelated to the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in that region. Clinicians were knowledgeable about general HIV information but lacked specific knowledge about HIV related to persons with SMI. CMH staff had positive attitudes about helping clients with HIV issues. Administrators were interested in receiving training. Policy leadership, CMH practice guidelines, and training are warranted in light of the pressing public health implications of HIV/STDs among people with SMI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Keywords: reliability ; measures ; trauma exposure ; serious mental illness ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Although violent victimization is highly prevalent among men and women with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), future research in this area may be impeded by controversy concerning the ability of individuals with SMI to report traumatic events reliably. This article presents the results of a study exploring the temporal consistency of reports of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual abuse, and adult physical abuse, as well as current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 50 people with SMI. Results show that trauma history and PTSD assessments can, for the most part, yield reliable information essential to further research in this area. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a variety of statistical methods to assess the reliability of self-reports of trauma history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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