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The effects of species manipulation on growth and survival of an assemblage of juvenile estuarine fish (1996)

DUNSON, W. A. ; ROWE, C. L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Growth and survival of Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus heteroclitus, Menidia beryllina, and Lucania parva, held in combination with an omnivorous grass shrimp–Palaemonetes pugio, and a predatory diving beetle Tropisternus lateralis, were measured at 12–60% in outdoor static microcosms that simulate salt marsh ponds. We predicted that the low species richness of this abiotically harsh but highly productive habitat would lead to a high degree of interaction among species. The presence of the beetle had no effect on the fish or the shrimp. Removal of the shrimp similarly had no detectable effect on the fish. There was a trend in proportions of survival among three fish: C. variegatus〉F. heteroclitus〉M. beryllina. Survival of M. beryllina was greater when it was alone at low densities of its own species (333 v. 667 fish m −3), and less when it was paired with F. heteroclitus. Interactions with other species diminished the growth of M. beryllina. Survival of F. heteroclitus was greater when it was alone at low density (333 m −3), than when the same number were placed together with Menidia and Cyprinodon at a total fish density of 999 m −3. There were no effects of removal of other species on survival or growth of C. variegatus at either 12′5 or 24%. This study showed that a complex array of interactions occurred among six common members of a salt marsh food web, but the degree of interaction Was less than We predicted.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01423.x

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Flower choice by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): sex-phase of flowers and preferences among nectar and pollen foragers (1995)

Gonzalez, A. ; Rowe, C. L. ; Weeks, P. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Oecologia 101 (1995), S. 258-264

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Apis mellifera ; Lavandula stoechas ; Pollen content ; Nectar content ; Foraging preference

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Bees foraging for nectar should choose different inflorescences from those foraging for both pollen and nectar, if inflorescences consist of differing proportions of male and female flowers, particularly if the sex phases of the flowers differ in nectar content as well as the occurrence of pollen. This study tested this prediction using worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) foraging on inflorescences of Lavandula stoechas. Female flowers contained about twice the volume of nectar of male flowers. As one would predict, bees foraging for nectar only chose inflorescences with disproportionately more female flowers: time spent on the inflorescence was correlated with the number of female flowers, but not with the number of male flowers. Inflorescence size was inversely correlated with the number of female flowers, and could be used as a morphological cue by these bees. Also as predicted, workers foraging for both pollen and nectar chose inflorescences with relatively greater numbers of both male and female flowers: time spent on these inflorescences was correlated with the number of male flowers, but not with the number of females flowers. A morphological cue inversely associated with such inflorescences is the size of the bract display. Choice of flowers within inflorescences was also influenced predictably, but preferences appeared to be based upon corolla size rather than directly on sex phase.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317292

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Elevated Trace Element Concentrations in Southern Toads, Bufo terrestris, Exposed to Coal Combustion Waste (1998)

Hopkins, W. A. ; Mendonça, M. T. ; Rowe, C. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 325-329

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract. A number of recent studies have linked developmental, physiological, and behavioral abnormalities in amphibians to coal combustion wastes (coal ash). Few studies, however, have determined trace element concentrations in amphibians exposed to coal ash. In the current study we compare total body concentrations of 20 trace elements in adult southern toads, Bufo terrestris, inhabiting coal ash settling basins with toads that were not exposed to the combustion wastes (reference). In addition, we document the accumulation of trace elements in toads transplanted from reference sites to field enclosures in an ash settling basin for 7 and 12 weeks. Arsenic, selenium, and vanadium levels were significantly elevated in toads captured at the ash-contaminated site in comparison to toads from the reference site. All three of these elements were also significantly elevated in toads exposed to the contaminated habitat for only 7 weeks. Our study suggests that adult anurans can bioaccumulate particularly high levels of selenium and may be useful bioindicators in agricultural and coal ash-impacted habitats.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900383

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