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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodefiency virus type 1 gp41 by HIV-1 polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 64 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced in Balb/c mice by immunization with recombinant gp41 derived from expression of λ-BH10 cDNA of the human immunowdeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the prokaryotic expression vector pEX-41 [1, 2]. Characterization of the epitopes recognized by these MAbs was done with HIV-1 envelope (env) fusion proteins expressed in Escherochia coli encoding ten distinct segments of the env proteins [3]. In comparison, another mouse MAb, M25 [4], a human MAb directed against gp41, which was produced by the xeno hydridoma line 3D6 [5, 6] and a pool of human patient sera containing antibodies to HIV-1 were tested. We were able to demonstrate that the epitopes recognized by our MAbs are located betweeni arg732 and ser759 [7] of the HIV-1 env glycoprotein gp160 of HTLV-III strain B. M25 reacted with epitopes between ser647 and pro731, which includes the hydrophobic transmembrane region of gp41 [4]. The human MAb against gp41, 3D6 [5, 6] reacts with epitopes between ile474 and trp646, a polypeptide stretch consisting of gp120 and gp41 specific amino acids. The human serum pool, positive for HIV-1 antibodies, reacted predominantly with antigenic determinants locatedp between ile474 and leu863. The recombinant env fusion proteins were initially produced to test the immunoreactivity with patient sera and to characterize epitopes which are relevant for immunodiagnostic purposes [3]. In this study, we showed that the set of recombinant evr proteins is also a simple and accurate tool for the characterization of MAbs directed to the HIV envelope proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03507.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical Treatment of Bacillus Calmette Guérin Lymphadenitis (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 21 (1997), S. 520-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although its protective effect is contested and the risk of contracting tuberculosis is rather low nowadays, BCG vaccination is frequently performed. Changes of strain repeatedly led to an increased complication rate. In Austria between 1990 and 1991, of 3386 newborn babies (Strain Pasteur) 116 developed lymphadenitis 3 to 28 weeks after vaccination. The affected children received four types of treatment: nothing specific, isoniazid, or surgery with and without isoniazid. Surgical treatment was found to be necessary in 96 cases. Bacilli were successfully grown in culture in 46% of cases up to week 20 after vaccination; but later than 20 weeks no culture became positive. All cultured bacteria were isoniazid-sensitive. From our data we drew the following conclusions: Isoniazid therapy did not prove successful when inflamed lymph nodes exceeded a certain size. Suppurative lymphadenitis in lymph nodes exceeding 1.0 to 1.5 cm usually led to infiltration or even perforation of the skin. Surgery prevents these complications and significantly reduces healing time. Adjuvant isoniazid therapy cannot be recommended, except for generalized BCG tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012279
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-Rs) in children and adolescents with vertically and horizontally transmitted HIV infection (1996)
    Springer
    Infection 24 (1996), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-α (TNF-α) sind zwei als p55 (TNF-RI) und p75 (TNF-RII) bezeichnete Rezeptoren bekannt. Lösliche Komponenten der TNF-Rs werden durch proteolytische Spaltung freigesetzt und blockieren die Wirkungen von TNF-α. Wir bestimmten sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII und den löslichen Interleukin 2-Rezeptor (sIL-2R) mit Enzymimmunoassays in Serumproben von HIV-infizierten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Zwölf Kinder mit vertikaler HIV-Infektion (mittleres Alter ± SD, 5,9±3,8 Jahre) und 17 horizontal infizierte Patienten (16,1±7,3 Jahre) wurden nach den revidierten CDC-Kriterien klassifiziert. Zwanzig gesunde Kontrollpersonen (6,4±5,8 Jahre) wiesen die folgenden Rezeptor-Konzentrationen (Median) auf: sTNF-RI 888 pg/ml, sTNF-RII 1741 pg/ml, sIL-2R 94 pM. Gegenüber Kontrollen zeigten horizontal HIV-Infizierte im Mann-Whitney U-Test signifikant höhere Werte für sTNF-RI (Median 1192 pg/ml), sTNF-RII (3481 pg/ml) und sIL-2R (128 pM). Bei vertikal Infizierten lagen nur die sTNF-RII-Spiegel (2944 pg/ml) signifikant höher als bei den Kontrollen. Zwischen horizontal und vertikal Infizierten bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede für die löslichen Rezeptoren. Auch beim Vergleich der HIV-Stadien (19 × CDC I versus 10 × CDC II/III) ergaben sich überraschend keine signifikanten Differenzen für sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII und sIL-2R. Die deutliche Erhöhung von sTNF-RII-Spiegeln bei Patienten mit horizontaler und vertikaler HIV-Infektion weist auf die Aktivierung des Monozyten-Makrophagen-Systems in beiden Gruppen hin.
    Notes: Summary Two different receptors exist for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), designated as p55 (TNF-RI) and p75 (TNF-RII). Soluble (= s) forms of TNF-Rs are secreted after proteolytic cleavage and block the effects of TNF-α. sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII and the soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined by ELISA in serum samples of HIV-infected children and adolescents. Twelve children with vertical HIV infection (mean age ± SD, 5.9±3.8 years) and 17 horizontally infected patients (16.1±7.3 years) were classified according to the revised CDC criteria. Twenty healthy control persons (6.4±5.8 years) showed the following receptor concentrations (median): sTNF-RI 888 pg/ml, sTNF-RII 1,741 pg/ml, sIL-2R 94 pM. Compared to controls, horizontally HIV-infected patients had significantly (Mann-Whitney U test) higher levels for sTNF-RI (median 1,192 pg/ml), sTNF-RII (3,481 pg/ml) and sIL-2R (128 pM). For vertically infected children only sTNF-RII (2,944 pg/ml) was significantly elevated compared to controls. There were no differences in soluble receptor levels between vertical or horizontal transmission. Surprisingly, no significant differences for sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII and sIL-2R occurred when 19 patients in stage CDC I were compared to ten patients in stages II or III. The clearly elevated sTNF-RII levels in patients with horizontal and vertical HIV infection indicate the activation of the monocyte/macrophage system in both groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743365
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